Izibani Zekhanda Eziqinisekisiwe ze-CE: Umhlahlandlela Wokuthobela Imithetho Kwabangenisi Bempahla (Isibuyekezo sika-2025)

Abangenisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi izibani zekhanda ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zesitifiketi se-CE ngaphambi kokungena emakethe yaseYurophu ngo-2025. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo zifaka phakathi ukuqinisekisa izitifiketi zokuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokulungiselela amadokhumenti anembile okungenisa. Izingozi ezivamile zokuthobela imithetho zivame ukuvela ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nemithethonqubo ethile yezwe, ukuthembela kubaphakeli abangathembekile, kanye nokuntuleka kokukhishwa kwemvume efanele yamasiko. Abangenisi baphinde babhekane nezinselele ezifana nokubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa, ukulahlekelwa kwezimali, kanye nokwenqatshwa komkhiqizo emasikweni. Ukunaka ukuthobela imithetho yamalambu ekhanda e-CE kunciphisa ukuchayeka ezikweletini zomthetho futhi kuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

• Izingozi ezinkulu abangenisa impahla ababhekana nazo:
  • Izitifiketi zokuhlangana ezilahlekile
  • Izimemezelo zentela ezingalungile
  • Abahlinzeki abangathembekile
  • Izici zomkhiqizo ezingekho emthethweni
  • Imigomo yewaranti engacacile

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Abangenisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi izibani zekhanda zinezibaniisitifiketi se-CE esisebenzayokanye nawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo ngaphambi kokungena emakethe ye-EU ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zomthetho kanye nokubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa.
• Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthobela imithethokufaka phakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo, amafayela obuchwepheshe, iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana, kanye nokulebula okufanele kwe-CE kanye ne-E ezibanini zekhanda.
• Ukulandela iziqondiso ze-EU ezifana ne-Low Voltage, i-EMC, i-RoHS, kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha ze-photobiological kuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zekhanda ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha, ezemvelo, kanye nokusebenza.
• Ukugcina amadokhumenti ahlelekile okungenisa impahla kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zamasiko nokuvikela idumela lebhizinisi.
• Ukusebenzisana eduze nabaphakeli abathembekile kanye nabahloli bezinkampani zangaphandle kuqinisa ukuthobela imithetho futhi kusekela ukufinyelela emakethe okushelelayo ngo-2025.

Ukuhambisana ne-CE headlamp: Izisekelo Zesitifiketi

Kuyini isitifiketi se-CE?

Isitifiketi se-CEisebenza njengesimemezelo sokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile zokuphepha, impilo, kanye nezemvelo ezibekwe yi-European Union. Ezibanini zekhanda, le nqubo ihilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho.

1. Khomba Iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele, njenge-Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU), i-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU), kanye ne-Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (2011/65/EU).
2. Thola ukuthi yimaphi ama-European Norms (hENs) ahambisanayo asebenza esibanini sekhanda.
3. Yenza ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kanye nokuqinisekiswa.
4. Hlanganisa ifayela lobuchwepheshe elinombhalo wokuklama, wokukhiqiza, kanye nowokuhlola.
5. Bandakanya Umzimba Owaziswayo uma kudingeka ngokwesigaba somkhiqizo.
6. Lungisa futhi ukhiphe iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana ne-EU.
7. Namathisela uphawu lwe-CE ngokubonakalayo esibanini sekhanda.
   Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso ze-EU ezisebenzayo futhi singangena ngokusemthethweni emakethe yaseYurophu.

Kungani Izibani Zekhanda Zidinga Ukumakwa kwe-CE

Izibani zekhanda ziwela ngaphansi kwemiyalelo eminingana ye-EU edinga ukuphawulwa kwe-CE. Uphawu lwe-CE lukhombisa iziphathimandla nabathengi ukuthi umkhiqizo uhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha, impilo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Abakhiqizi kumele babonise ukuthobela umthetho ngokuqoqa amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe nokwenza ukuhlolwa okudingekayo. Abangenisi kanye nabasabalalisi babelana ngomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho efanele yezibani zekhanda ze-CE. Uphawu lwe-CE aluyona nje imfuneko esemthethweni kodwa futhi luwuphawu lwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthembeka.

Qaphela: Ngokukhanyisa izimoto, uphawu lwe-E luyimpoqo futhi. Lolu phawu luqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezithile zokuphepha kwezimoto kanye nokusebenza ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo ye-ECE, okubalulekile ekuthengisweni nasekusetshenzisweni ngokusemthethweni emigwaqweni ye-EU.

Imiphumela Yezomthetho Yokungalandeli Imithetho

Ukungenisa izibani zekhanda ngaphandle kokufanelekaUkuhambisana ne-CE headlampkungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu yezomthetho.

• Iziphathimandla zingase zivimbele umkhiqizo ukuthi ungene emakethe ye-EU.
• Abangenisi bafaka engcupheni izinhlawulo kanye nokuhoxiswa kwemikhiqizo okuphoqelekile.
• Ukungalandeli imithetho kungalimaza idumela labangenisi kanye nabakhiqizi.
• Izinhlangano ezilawulayo zingase ziphoqelele izinhlawulo, okwenza ukungeniswa kwezibani zekhanda ezingahambisani nomthetho kube okungekho emthethweni.
  Abangenisi kumele banikeze amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe kanye neSimemezelo Sokuhambisana. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko kungaholela ezenzweni zokuphoqelela kanye nezingozi ezinkulu zebhizinisi.

Ukuhlonza Iziqondiso Ezisebenzayo Zokuhambisana Nezibani Zekhanda ze-CE

Abangenisi kumele babone futhi baqonde iziqondiso eziyinhloko ze-EU ezisebenza ezibanini zekhanda ngaphambi kokubeka imikhiqizo emakethe yaseYurophu. Lezi ziqondiso zakha isisekelo sokuthobela izibani zekhanda ze-CE futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile, ze-electromagnetic, kanye nezendawo ezungezile. Iziqondiso ezifanele kakhulu zezibani zekhanda zifaka:

• Isiqondiso Se-Voltage Ephansi (LVD) 2014/35/EU
• Isiqondiso Sokuhambisana Kwe-Electromagnetic (EMC) 2014/30/EU
• Ukuvinjelwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi (RoHS) Isiqondiso 2011/65/EU

Isiqondiso Se-Voltage Ephansi (i-LVD)

I-Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU) isebenza emishinini kagesi esebenza nge-voltage ephakathi kuka-50 no-1000 V yokushintshana kwamandla kagesi kanye naphakathi kuka-75 no-1500 V yamandla kagesi aqondile. Izibani eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa amabhethri ashajwayo noma imithombo yamandla yangaphandle, ziwela ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu. I-LVD iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo kagesi ayibeki ingozi kubasebenzisi noma empahleni. Abakhiqizi kumele baklame izibani zekhanda ukuze bavimbele ukushaqeka kukagesi, umlilo, nezinye izingozi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okubonakalayo. Ukuthobela i-LVD kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwengozi, ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ezivumelanisiwe, kanye nemiyalelo yomsebenzisi ecacile. Abangenisi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi zonke izibani zekhanda zihlolwe kahle nokuthi imibhalo yobuchwepheshe ikhombisa ukuhambisana nesiqondiso.

Ukuhambisana kwe-Electromagnetic (EMC)

I-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU) ibeka izidingo zemishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic nokuqinisekisa ukungangenwa ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Izibani zekhanda, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinama-LED driver noma izilawuli ze-elekthronikhi, akumele ziphazamise amanye amadivayisi futhi kumele zisebenze ngokuthembekile lapho kukhona umsindo we-electromagnetic. Ukuhlolwa kwe-EMC kwakha ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuqinisekisa imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa izimoto. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa izindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), okulinganisa ukukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic, kanye nokuzwela kwe-electromagnetic (EMS), okuhlola ukungangenwa ukuphazamiseka okufana nokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic kanye nokunyuka kwamandla kagesi. Izinhlangano zokuqinisekisa, okuhlanganisa ne-Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA), zidinga izibani zekhanda ukuthi ziphumelele lezi zivivinyo ngaphambi kokunikeza imvume. Imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo ze-EMC kuphela engabonisa uphawu lwe-CE, futhi iziphathimandla zokuqapha imakethe ziyayiphoqelela le mithetho ngenkuthalo.

Icebiso: Abangenisi kufanele bacele imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-EMC futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amafayela obuchwepheshe afaka imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-EMI kanye ne-EMS. Lo mbhalo usekela inqubo eqinile yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE headlamp futhi unciphisa ingozi yokubambezeleka kwentela.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi (RoHS)

I-RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU) ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi emishinini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, okuhlanganisa nezibani zekhanda. Isiqondiso sihlose ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ngokunciphisa ukuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi emikhiqizweni yabathengi. Izibani zekhanda akumele zidlule amanani aphezulu alandelayo ngesisindo ezintweni ezifanayo:

1. I-Lead (Pb): 0.1%
2. I-Mercury (Hg): 0.1%
3. I-Cadmium (i-Cd): 0.01%
4. I-Chromium ene-Hexavalent (CrVI): 0.1%
5. Ama-Biphenyls Ane-Polybrominated (PBB): 0.1%
6. Ama-Ether e-Diphenyl e-Polybrominated (PBDE): 0.1%
7. I-Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): 0.1%
8. I-Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP): 0.1%
9. I-Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): 0.1%
10. I-Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP): 0.1%

Le mikhawulo isebenza kuzo zonke izingxenye, kufaka phakathi izinzwa, amaswishi, izembozo zensimbi, kanye nezembozo zepulasitiki. Abakhiqizi kumele banikeze ubufakazi bokuthobela imithetho, ngokuvamile ngezimemezelo zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Abangenisi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi abahlinzeki basebenzise izilawuli ze-RoHS kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ukuze bagweme ukungalandeli imithetho kanye nokubuyiswa komkhiqizo okungenzeka.

Qaphela: Ukuthobela i-RoHS akusona nje isibopho esingokomthetho kodwa futhi kuyisici esibalulekile ekwakheni ukwethembana nabathengi abaqaphela imvelo.

EN 62471: Ukuphepha Kwezithombe

I-EN 62471:2008 ibeka uphawu lokuphepha kwe-photobiological emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa, okuhlanganisa nezibani zekhanda. Le nqubo yaseYurophu ihlola izingozi ezibangelwa imithombo yokukhanya emehlweni nasesikhumbeni sabantu. Abakhiqizi kumele bahlole imikhiqizo yabo ukuze babone izingozi ezingaba khona njengemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV), ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-infrared. Lezi zingozi zingabangela ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, noma ngisho nomonakalo wesikhathi eside uma kungalawulwa kahle.

Ukuhlola ngaphansi kwe-EN 62471 kuhilela ukulinganisa ukuphuma kwe-spectral kwesibani sekhanda. Ama-laboratories asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukuthola ukuthi umkhiqizo uwela ngaphansi kwemingcele yokuvezwa okuphephile. Indinganiso ihlukanisa izingozi zibe izigaba ezine:

• Iqembu Elikhululiwe: Akukho ngozi ye-photobiological
• Iqembu Lengozi 1: Ingozi ephansi
• Iqembu Lezingozi 2: Ingozi Emaphakathi
• Iqembu Lezingozi 3: Ingozi ephezulu

Abakhiqizi kumele babhale phansi ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu lezingozi efayeleni lobuchwepheshe. Abangenisi kufanele bacele imibiko yokuhlola eqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-EN 62471. Le mibiko inikeza ubufakazi bokuthi isibani sekhanda asidluli amazinga okuchayeka aphephile kubasebenzisi.

Qaphela: Ukuthobela imithetho ye-EN 62471 kubalulekile ekulandeleni imithetho ye-CE. Iziphathimandla zingacela imibhalo yokuphepha kwe-photobiological ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwentela.

Isibani sekhanda esihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-EN 62471 sibonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphepheni komsebenzisi. Abangenisi abaqinisekisa lokhu kuhambisana nomthetho banciphisa ingozi yokubuyiselwa komkhiqizo futhi bathuthukise idumela labo emakethe.

I-ECE R112 kanye ne-R148: Izindinganiso Zezibani Zekhanda Ezisemthethweni Zomgwaqo

I-ECE R112 kanye ne-ECE R148 zisungula izidingo zobuchwepheshe zezibani zemigwaqo ezisemthethweni eYurophu. Le mithethonqubo ye-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) isebenza ezinhlelweni zokukhanyisa izimoto, okuhlanganisa nezibani zezimoto ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni.

I-ECE R112 imboza izibani zekhanda ngamaphethini okukhanya angalingani, avame ukutholakala ezibanini zelanga eziphansi. I-ECE R148 ibhekana namadivayisi okubonisa izimpawu nokukhipha ukukhanya, njengezibani ezisebenza emini kanye nezibani zokuma. Zombili lezi zindinganiso zichaza izidingo zalokhu:

• Ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya kanye nokuqina
• Iphethini ye-beam kanye ne-cutoff
• Izinga lokushisa lombala
• Ukuqina nokumelana nokudlidliza

Abakhiqizi kumele bathumele izibani zekhanda ukuze zihlolwe uhlobo lokuvunyelwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezigunyaziwe. Inqubo yokuhlola iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izinqubo zokusebenza nokuphepha. Uma usuvunyiwe, isibani sekhanda sithola uphawu lwe-E, okumele luvele kumkhiqizo eceleni kophawu lwe-CE.

Abangenisi bezimpahla kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi zonke izibani zekhanda ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emgwaqweni zinezimpawu ze-CE kanye nezimpawu ze-E. Lesi sitifiketi esiphindwe kabili siqinisekisa ukulandelwa komthetho kanye nokusulwa kwezimpahla ngendlela ebushelelezi.

Icebiso: Hlola njaloisitifiketi sokugunyazwa kohlobokanye nenombolo ye-E ngaphambi kokungenisa izibani zemoto. Le mibhalo ifakazela ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha emgwaqweni zaseYurophu.

Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ECE R112 kanye ne-R148 kwakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE yemikhiqizo yezimoto. Abangenisi abalandela lezi zindinganiso bagwema izinkinga zomthetho futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo iphephile ukusetshenziswa emigwaqweni yomphakathi.

Izidingo Zemibhalo Yobuchwepheshe zokuhambisana nezibani zekhanda ze-CE

Imibhalo Ebalulekile Yokuthobela Izibani Zekhanda

Abangenisi kumele baqoqe isethi epheleleimibhalo yobuchwepheshengaphambi kokubeka izibani zekhanda emakethe yaseYurophu. Le mibhalo ifakazela ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zomthetho nezokuphepha. Iziphathimandla zingacela lolu lwazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempahla noma ukubhekwa kwemakethe. Ifayela lobuchwepheshe kufanele lifake:

• Incazelo yomkhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe
• Imidwebo yokuklama nokukhiqiza
• Uhlu lwezinto zokwakha kanye nohlu lwezingxenye
• Imibiko nezitifiketi zokuhlolwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwengozi kanye nedatha yokuphepha
• Izincwadi zomsebenzisi kanye nemiyalelo yokufaka
• Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana

Icebiso: Gcina wonke amadokhumenti ehlelekile futhi efinyeleleka kalula okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokuba umkhiqizo wokugcina usubekwe emakethe.

Imibiko Yokuhlolwa Nezitifiketi (ISO 3001:2017, ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019)

Imibiko nezitifiketi zokuhlola zakha umgogodla wefayela lobuchwepheshe. Amalabhorethri ahlola izibani zekhanda ngokwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke nezesifunda. I-ISO 3001:2017 ihlanganisa ukusebenza nokuphepha kokukhanya okuphethwe ngesandla, okuhlanganisa amandla okukhanya kanye nokuphila kwebhethri. I-ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019 inikeza izilinganiso ezengeziwe zokukhanya, ukumelana nokushayisana, kanye nokusebenza okungangeni manzi. Le mibiko ikhombisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlangabezana nokulindelwe emhlabeni wonke naseYurophu. Abangenisi kufanele bacele izitifiketi zokuhlola zokuqala kubaphakeli futhi baqinisekise ubuqiniso bazo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi kanye Nedatha Yokuphepha

Ukuhlolwa kwengozi okuphelele kukhomba izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezibani zekhanda. Abakhiqizi bahlaziya izingozi ezifana nokushaqeka kukagesi, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nemiphumela ye-photobiological. Babhala phansi izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nezici zokuphepha efayeleni lobuchwepheshe. Amaphepha edatha yokuphepha angadingeka futhi kumabhethri noma izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Abangenisi kufanele babuyekeze la madokhumenti ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingozi sezixazululiwe. Lesi sinyathelo sisekela ukuthobela imithetho ye-CE yezibani zekhanda futhi sibonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphepheni komsebenzisi.

Iziphathimandla zingase zicele ukuhlolwa kwezingozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa. Gcina la madokhumenti esesikhathini njalo.

Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana Nokuhambisana Nezibani Zekhanda ze-CE

Indlela Yokulungiselela Isimemezelo

Abakhiqizi noma abameleli babo abagunyaziwe kumele balungiselele iSimemezelo Sokuvumelana (i-DoC) ngaphambi kokubeka izibani zekhanda emakethe yaseYurophu. Lo mbhalo uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele kanye nezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe. Ukulungiselela kuqala ngokubuyekezwa okuphelele kwemibhalo yobuchwepheshe. Iqembu elinomthwalo wemfanelo kumele liqinisekise ukuthi yonke imibiko yokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, kanye nezitifiketi kuphelele futhi kunembile. Kufanele babhekisele eziqondisweni ezithile kanye nezindinganiso ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvumelana. I-DoC kumele icace, ifinyeze, futhi ibhalwe ngolimi olusemthethweni lwe-EU. Abangenisi kufanele bacele ikhophi ye-DoC kubaphakeli babo futhi baqinisekise okuqukethwe kwayo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuvunyelwa kwentela.

Icebiso: Gcina i-DoC itholakala kalula. Iziphathimandla zingase ziyicele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku.

Ulwazi Oludingekayo kanye Nefomethi

Isimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho kumele sibe nezinto eziningana ezibalulekile. Ithebula elilandelayo lichaza ulwazi oludingekayo:

Ifomethi kufanele ilandele uhlelo olunengqondo futhi ihlale ifundeka kalula. I-DoC kumele isayinwe futhi ibhalwe usuku. Amasignesha edijithali ayamukeleka uma ehlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-EU.

Ubani Okumele Asayine Isimemezelo

Umthwalo wemfanelo wokusayina iSimemezelo Sokuvumelana usezandleni zomkhiqizi noma ummeleli wakhe ogunyaziwe. Ngokusayina, leli qembu lamukela umthwalo wemfanelo ophelele ngokomthetho wokuthobela komkhiqizo umthetho we-EU. Abangenisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kwezibani zekhanda kufaka i-DoC esebenzayo futhi kumele bagcine ikhophi okungenani iminyaka eyi-10. Kodwa-ke, umngenisi akayisayini i-DoC. Lo mthetho usebenza kuzo zonke izibani zekhanda ezingenisiwe, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ukunamathela okufanele kule nqubo kusekelaUkuhambisana ne-CE headlampfuthi ivikela bonke abathintekayo ezingozini zomthetho.

• Umenzi noma ummeleli ogunyaziwe usayina i-DoC.
• Umngenisi uqinisekisa ukuthi i-DoC ihamba nomkhiqizo futhi igcina ikhophi.
• Umthumeli akasayini i-DoC.

Qaphela: Ukwehluleka ukulandela lezi zimfuneko kungabangela ukubambezeleka kwentela noma izinyathelo zokuphoqelela umthetho.

Ukunamathisela uphawu lwe-CE lwezibani zekhanda

Izidingo Zokubekwa Nosayizi

Abakhiqizi kumele babekeUphawu lwe-CEKubonakala, kufundeka kalula, futhi kungasuki esibanini sekhanda noma epuletini laso ledatha. Uphawu kufanele luvele kumkhiqizo ngokwawo noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Uma ukwakheka noma usayizi wesibani sekhanda kuvimbela lokhu, uphawu lwe-CE lungafakwa ephaketheni noma kumadokhumenti ahambisana nalo. Ukuphakama okuncane kophawu lwe-CE kungu-5 mm. Lobu bukhulu buqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu zamasiko kanye neziphathimandla zokuqapha imakethe zingayibona kalula imikhiqizo ehambisanayo.

Uphawu lwe-CE akumele lushintshwe noma luphazanyiswe. Ubukhulu kanye nesikhala kumele kufane nomklamo osemthethweni. Abakhiqizi bangalanda ubuciko bophawu lwe-CE olufanele kwiwebhusayithi yeKhomishini yaseYurophu. Uphawu kufanele luhluke nesizinda ukuze lubonakale kakhulu. Ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa ukuqoshwa nge-laser noma ukuphrinta okuhlala isikhathi eside ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu luhlala lufundeka kuyo yonke impilo yomkhiqizo.

Icebiso: Hlola njalo umkhiqizo wokugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu lwe-CE lukhona futhi luhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Amaphutha Avamile Okufanele Uwagweme

Abangenisi abaningi kanye nabakhiqizi benza amaphutha lapho benamathisela uphawu lwe-CE. La maphutha angalibazisa ukuthunyelwa noma abangele izinyathelo zokuphoqelela umthetho. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukusebenzisa usayizi noma ifonti engalungile yophawu lwe-CE
• Ukubeka uphawu kuphela ephaketheni uma kukhona isikhala kumkhiqizo
• Ukufaka uphawu ngaphambi kokuqeda zonke izinyathelo zokuhambisana ne-CE headlamp
• Ukushiya uphawu ngokuphelele noma ukusebenzisa inguqulo engahambisani nemithetho
• Ukuhlanganisa uphawu lwe-CE nezinye izimpawu ngendlela ebangela ukudideka

Iziphathimandla zingase zithathe imikhiqizo noma zikhiphe izinhlawulo uma zithola la maphutha. Abangenisi kufanele babuyekeze amasampula futhi bacele izithombe kubahlinzeki ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Kufanele futhi bagcine amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokuhambisana nemithetho njengengxenye yenqubo yabo yokulawula ikhwalithi.

Qaphela: Ukumaka i-CE okufanele kubonisa ukuzibophezela ekuphepheni nasekulandeleni imithetho. Kuphinde kusize ekugwemeni ukubambezeleka okubizayo emasimini.

Amalebula Ahlobene Nezibopho Zemvelo

Izidingo Zelebula Le-WEEE

Imikhiqizo yezibani zekhandaEzithengiswa e-European Union kumele zihambisane ne-Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. Lo mthetho uhlukanisa izibani zekhanda njengemishini yokukhanyisa, okusho ukuthi zidinga ukulebula nokuphathwa okuthile. Uphawu lwebhini elinamasondo eligoqiwe kumele luvele ngqo kumkhiqizo. Uma umklamo womkhiqizo ungakuvumeli lokhu, uphawu lungafakwa ephaketheni. Ezibani zekhanda ezithengiswa ngemva kuka-2005, uphawu kumele lufake umugqa owodwa omnyama ngaphansi noma lubonise usuku lokubekwa emakethe. Uphawu lokukhomba lomkhiqizi, njengophawu noma uphawu lokuhweba, kumele lube khona nalo. I-EN 50419 ichaza lezi zidingo zokumaka, kanti i-EN 50625-2-1 ikhuluma ngokuphathwa okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Abakhiqizi kumele babhalise e-EU futhi bamise izinhlelo zokuqoqwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa okugcwele.

Qaphela: Ukulebula nokubhalisa kwe-WEEE okufanele kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwemvelo futhi kusekele ukuvuselelwa kabusha okunesibopho.

Izibopho Zesiqondiso se-ErP

Abakhiqizi kanye nabangenisi bezibani zekhanda kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo ze-Energy-related Products (ErP) Directive (EU) 2019/2020. Lo myalelo ubeka amazinga okuklama imvelo emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa, okuhlanganisa nezibani zekhanda. Izibopho ezibalulekile zifaka:

1. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibuyekeziwe zokuklama imvelo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi zinciphise umthelela emvelweni.
2. Ukulandela izinqubo ezintsha zokuhlola, njengokuhlolwa komphumela we-stroboscopic kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla omshayeli.
3. Kufaka phakathi ukulebula kumkhiqizo noma ephaketheni okucacisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo, izinga lokushisa lombala, kanye ne-angle yokukhanya.
4. Ukunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe lokupakisha, njengemingcele kagesi, isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye namandla okulinda.
5. Ukuqedela inqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwe-ErP ngaphambi kokubeka imikhiqizo emakethe ye-EU, okubandakanya isicelo, ulwazi lomkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa kwesampula, kanye nokubhaliswa.
6. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitifiketi siyatholakala ngaphambi kosuku lokuphoqelelwa ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zentela.

Abakhiqizi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi lonke ulwazi lunembile futhi lusesikhathini ukuze balondoloze ukufinyelela emakethe.

Ukuthobela i-REACH kanye namanye amalebula ezemvelo

Abangenisi bezibani zekhanda kumele futhi bacabangele ukuthobela imithetho ye-REACH (Ukubhalisa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa, kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kwamakhemikhali). Lo mthetho uvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali athile ayingozi emikhiqizweni ethengiswa e-EU. Abakhiqizi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi izibani zekhanda azinazo izinto ezinqunyelwe ngaphezu kwemingcele evunyelwe. Kufanele banikeze imibhalo efakazela ukuthobela imithetho futhi bayibuyekeze njengoba imithetho ishintsha. Amanye amalebula ezemvelo, njengezilinganiso zokusebenzisa kahle amandla noma amalebula e-eco, angasebenza kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nemakethe. Lawa malebula asiza abathengi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi babonise ukuzibophezela ekusimeni.

Icebiso: Hlala usesikhathini ngeimithethonqubo yezemvelofuthi izidingo zokulebula zisekela imikhuba yebhizinisi enomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuqedwa kwentela okushelelayo.

Izidingo Zokungenisa Nokukhokhela Impahla Eziqondene Nezwe Lonke Zokuthobela Izibani Zekhanda ze-CE

Imibhalo Yokungenisa ye-EU

Abangenisi kumele balungiselele amadokhumenti amaningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zekhanda eziqinisekiswe yi-CE zingena kalula e-European Union. Iziphathimandla zentela zidinga iSimemezelo Esifingqiwe ngosuku lokungenisa, esichaza imininingwane yokuthunyelwa kanye nomkhiqizo. Idokhumenti Yokuphatha Eyodwa (i-SAD) isebenza njengefomu eliyinhloko lentela, elihlanganisa intela kanye ne-VAT kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Wonke umngenisi kumele abe nenombolo ye-EORI evumelekile ukufaka izimemezelo zentela kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo zokususa impahla.

Ifayela lobuchwepheshe eliphelele kumele lihambisane nokuthunyelwa ngakunye. Leli fayela kufanele lifake izincazelo zomkhiqizo, imidwebo yesekethe, uhlu lwezingxenye, imibiko yokuhlola, kanye nemiyalelo yomsebenzisi.Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana(DoC) kumele ibhekisele kuzo zonke iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele, njenge-Low Voltage Directive, i-EMC Directive, i-Eco-design Directive, kanye ne-RoHS Directive. I-DoC kufanele ibhale imininingwane yomkhiqizi, ukuhlonza umkhiqizo, kanye nesiginesha yomuntu onesibopho. Uphawu lwe-CE kumele luvele kumkhiqizo, lubonakale futhi okungenani lube ukuphakama okungu-5 mm. Abangenisi kudingeka futhi baqinisekise ukuthi zonke izidingo zokulebula, okuhlanganisa ne-WEEE kanye namalebula omkhiqizo ahlobene namandla, ziyahlangatshezwa. Izikhulu zamasiko zingacela la madokhumenti nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngakho abangenisi kufanele bawagcine efinyeleleka kalula.

Abangenisi bezimpahla bathwala umthwalo wemfanelo ophelele wokuthobela imithetho yomkhiqizo kanye nokuvunyelwa kwempahla ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-EU. Ukuqinisekiswa komuntu wesithathu kungasiza ekunciphiseni izingozi zokuthobela imithetho.

Ukuthobela imithetho kanye namasiko e-UK

I-United Kingdom iqinisa imithetho yayo yokuthobela imithetho yomkhiqizo ngemva kwe-Brexit. Abathumeli kumele baqinisekise ukuthi izibani zekhanda ziyahlangabezana nezimfuneko zokumaka ze-UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) zemikhiqizo ebekwe emakethe yaseGreat Britain. Uphawu lwe-UKCA luthatha indawo yophawu lwe-CE lwezimpahla eziningi, kodwa iNorthern Ireland isayamukela uphawu lwe-CE ngaphansi kweNorthern Ireland Protocol.

Abangenisi kumele banikeze iSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho sase-UK, esifana kakhulu ne-EU DoC kodwa sibhekisela emithethweni yase-UK. Ukuvunyelwa kwempahla kudinga inombolo ye-EORI ekhishwe yiziphathimandla zase-UK. Abangenisi kumele bathumele izimemezelo zokungenisa impahla futhi bakhokhe intela efanele kanye ne-VAT. Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa imibiko yokuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi, kumele itholakale ukuze ihlolwe. Uhulumeni wase-UK angacela ubufakazi bokuthobela imithetho nganoma yisiphi isigaba, ngakho abangenisi kufanele bagcine amarekhodi ahlelekile.

Izimakethe zaseSwitzerland, eNorway, kanye nezinye ze-EEA

ISwitzerland neNorway, njengamalungu e-European Economic Area (EEA), zilandela imithetho efanayo ne-EU yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE. Abangenisi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo inophawu lwe-CE futhi ihlangabezana nazo zonke iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele. Iziphathimandla zamasiko kula mazwe zidinga imibhalo yobuchwepheshe efanayo, okuhlanganisa neSimemezelo Sokuhambisana kanye nemibiko yokuhlola esekelayo.

Ithebula lifingqa izidingo ezibalulekile zalezi zimakethe:

Abangenisi bezimpahla kufanele baqinisekise noma yiziphi izidingo zezwe ezengeziwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Ukugcina amadokhumenti esesikhathini kuqinisekisa ukuvunyelwa kwempahla ngendlela ehlelekile kanye nokufinyelela emakethe.

Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokuthunyelwa Nokuqinisekiswa Kokuhambisana Nezibani Zekhanda ze-CE

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuqinisekiswa Kokuthobela Imithetho

Uhlu lokuhlola oluphelele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa lusiza abangenisi ukuthi bagweme ukubambezeleka okubizayo kanye nezinkinga zokuthobela imithetho. Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kwezibani zekhanda kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zakha uhlu lokuhlola oluthembekile:

1. Lungisa wonke amaphepha, okuhlanganisa i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, kanye nesitifiketi semvelaphi.
2. Sebenzisa i-HS Code efanele ukuze uhlukanise umkhiqizo.
3. Memezela inani langempela lezimpahla usebenzisa izindlela zokulinganisa ezamukelekayo.
4. Khokha yonke imisebenzi, intela, kanye nezimali ezifanele.
5. Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yazo zonke izintengiselwano kanye nedokhumenti.
6. Qonda futhi uhambisane nemithethonqubo yokungenisa impahla kanye nemithetho yamasiko yezwe oya kulo.
7. Cabanga ngokuqasha ochwepheshe bezentela noma abadayisi ukuze kutholakale imvume eshelelayo.
8. Qinisekisa ukuthi uphawu lwe-CE luyahambisana nomthetho, uqinisekise ukuthi uphawu luyabonakala, luyafundeka, luhlala njalo, futhi luphakeme okungenani ngama-5 mm.
9. Qinisekisa ukuthi iSimemezelo Sokuvumelana sibala zonke iziqondiso ze-EU ezifanele.
10. Qinisekisa ukuthi ifayela lobuchwepheshe lifaka yonke imibhalo edingekayo kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa.
11. Hlola ukuthi amalebula okukhanyisa kanye nokupakishwa kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-EU.
12. Yenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa endaweni yokusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nokuphepha kwawo.
13. Thola umbiko wokuhlola onemininingwane kanye nobufakazi bezithombe.

Icebiso: Uhlu lokuhlola oluphelele lunciphisa ingozi yokungalandelwa kwemithetho kanye nokwenqatshwa kokuthunyelwa.

Ukusebenza nabahloli beqembu lesithathu

Abahloli bezinkampani zangaphandle badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana komkhiqizo. Laba ochwepheshe abazimele bahlola futhi bahlole izibani zekhanda ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlangabezana nezidingo zenkontileka nezokulawula. Baphinde benze ukuhlolwa kwemboni, bahlole imikhuba yokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi. Ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuhlola zezinkampani zangaphandle ezithembekile, abangenisi bangaqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yabaphakeli, banciphise izingozi zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa, futhi baqinisekise ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke nezesifunda. Le ndlela isekela ukucaca futhi yakha ukwethembana neziphathimandla kanye namakhasimende.

Izinyathelo Zokugcina Ngaphambi Kokuthunyelwa

Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwaIzibani zekhanda eziqinisekiswe yi-CE, abangenisi kufanele baqedele izinyathelo eziningana zokugcina zokuqinisekisa:

1. Hlola ngokuphelele ukuthunyelwa kokuqala ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
2. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwamasampula kokuthunyelwa okulandelayo.
3. Qinisekisa imininingwane yokupakisha, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokuphrinta.
4. Thola imvume yokuklama ilogo ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.
5. Qinisekisa imingcele yokukhiqiza njengobuningi nezinto zokwakha.
6. Lungisa yonke imibhalo yokuthunyelwa edingekayo.
7. Qinisekisa imininingwane yokuthunyelwa ngokubhala, okuhlanganisa usuku kanye nemodi yokuhamba.
8. Thola amakhophi emibhalo yokuthumela ukuze ulandelelwe futhi ucele izimangalo.
9. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwempahla yamasiko kanye neyokuhlola echwebeni lokuya kulo.

Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zekhanda ziyahambisana ne-CE kanye nokungena kahle emakethe.

Abangenisi bangaqinisekisa ukungena emakethe okubushelelezi ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:

1. Gcina imibhalo efanele yesitifiketi, okuhlanganisa izitifiketi ze-ECE R149 kanye namalebula e-E-Mark.
2. Qinisekisa iziqinisekiso zomhlinzeki bese ucela izitifiketi zokuthobela imithetho.
3. Gcina yonke imibhalo yokungenisa ihlelekile ukuze kukhishwe impahla yamasiko.
4. Ukuziphathaukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwakanye nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo.
5. Hlanganisa ukuthobela imithetho ekuqaleni kokuklama umkhiqizo bese wakha amaqembu asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.
6. Tshala imali ekuhlolweni okuphelele futhi uhlale usesikhathini ngemithethonqubo eshintshashintshayo.

Imibhalo ephelele kanye nokuqinisekiswa okusebenzayo kusalokhu kuyisisekelo sokuphumelela kokuthobela imithetho ye-CE ngo-2025.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okumele abathumeli bawagcine ukuze bahambisane nemithetho ye-CE?

Abangenisi kumele bagcineIsimemezelo Sokuhambisana, ifayela lobuchwepheshe, imibiko yokuhlola, kanye nezincwadi zomsebenzisi. Iziphathimandla zingacela la madokhumenti nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Gcina wonke amarekhodi okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokungena komkhiqizo wokugcina emakethe.

Ingabe isibani sekhanda singathengiswa e-EU ngaphandle kophawu lwe-CE?

Cha.Uphawu lwe-CEkuyimpoqo ekuthengisweni okusemthethweni e-EU. Imikhiqizo engenalo uphawu lwe-CE ingase ibhekane nokwenqatshwa kwempahla, izinhlawulo, noma ukubuyiselwa emuva. Njalo qinisekisa uphawu ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Ubani onesibopho sokuthobela imithetho ye-CE: umenzi noma umngenisi?

Bobabili abantu babelana ngomthwalo wemfanelo. Umenzi uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo futhi unikeza amadokhumenti. Umngenisi uqinisekisa ukuhambisana, ugcina amarekhodi, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uphawu lwe-CE namalebula alungile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-CE kanye ne-E-mark yezibani zekhanda?

Qaphela: Izibani zemoto ezisemthethweni zidinga zombili izimpawu ukuze kufinyelelwe emakethe ye-EU.