Ingabe Izibani Zakho Zekhanda Ziyahlangabezana Nezindinganiso Zokubonakala Eziphezulu ze-ANSI/ISEA 107?

Izibani zekhanda zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukubonakala lapho usebenza noma uhamba ezimweni eziphansi. Ngenkathi indinganiso ye-ANSI/ISEA 107 ikhuluma kakhulu ngezingubo ezibonakala kakhulu, izibani zekhanda zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwakho ngokwengeza izingubo ezihambisanayo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izimoto ezinezibani zekhanda ezinhle zithola izinga eliphansi ngo-19% lezingozi zasebusuku uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezinezibani ezilinganiselwe kabi. Izibani ezinezibani eziphezulu nazo zithuthukisa ukubonakala, zikusiza ukuthi ubone izingozi ngempumelelo enkulu. Ukukhetha izibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107 kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ubonakala futhi uphephile ezindaweni ezinzima.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• KhethaIzibani zekhanda ze-ANSI 107ukuhlala uphephile ekukhanyeni okufiphele.
• Thola izibani zekhanda ezinezinto ezicwebezelayo noma ezikhanyayo ukuze ubonakale kangcono.
• Hlola ukuthi izibani zekhanda zikhanya kangakanani, zinamandla futhi ziqinile kangakanani.
• Bheka amalebula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayahlangabezana nemithetho yokuphepha.
• Ukusebenzisa izibani zekhanda ezibonakala kakhulu kunciphisa amathuba ezingozi futhi kulandela imithetho yomsebenzi.

Ukuqonda Izindinganiso ze-ANSI/ISEA 107

Lokho Okumbozwa Yizinga Elijwayelekile

Izinga le-ANSI/ISEA 107 lichaza izidingo ezithile zezingubo zokuphepha ezibonakala kakhulu (i-HVSA). Lezi ziqondiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bahlala bebonakala ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane noma eziyingozi. Izinga lichaza ukubekwa kanye nenani lezinto ezibonakalayo kakhulu ukuze kunikezwe ukubonakala okungu-360-degree. Lichaza futhi ukucushwa kanye nobubanzi bamabhande abonisa ukukhanya, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza ezincane.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithetho, izingubo kumele zisebenzise izinto ezikhanyayo ngemibala efana nophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu-orenji, noma obomvu. Itheyiphu ekhanyayo noma imivimbo ithuthukisa ukubonakala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi. Amalabhorethri agunyaziwe ahlola zonke izingubo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho. Lezi zivivinyo zihlola ukuqina, ukubonakala, kanye nekhono lokubekezelela izici zemvelo njengemvula noma ukushisa. Ngokuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso, i-HVSA iqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka ezindaweni zokusebenza ezidinga amandla.

Izidingo Ezibonakalayo Eziphezulu Zezesekeli

Izesekeli, nakuba kungezona izinto eziyinhloko ezigxilwe kuzo yi-ANSI/ISEA 107, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukubonakala. Izinto ezifana namagilavu, izigqoko, nezibani zekhanda zingahambisana nezingubo ezibonakala kakhulu. Ukuze izesekeli zivumelane nezinga elijwayelekile, kufanele zifake izinto ezikhanyayo noma ezikhanyayo. Lezi zinto zithuthukisa ukubonakala kusuka ema-engeli amaningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo.

Izibani zekhanda, isibonelo, zinganikeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe nokubonakala. Uma zihlanganiswe nezingubo ezihambisanayo, zakha ikhambi lokuphepha eliphelele. Izesekeli kumele futhi zibonise ukuqina nokumelana nezici zemvelo, ziqinisekise ukuthi zisebenza ngokwethembeka ezimweni ezinzima.

Ukufaneleka kwezibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107

Nakuba izibani zekhanda zingambozwanga ngokucacile ngaphansi kwendinganiso ye-ANSI/ISEA 107, zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha. Izibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107 zithuthukisa ukubonakala ngokuhlanganisa ukukhanya nezakhiwo ezikhanyayo noma ezikhanyayo. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izindawo ezinokukhanya okuncane noma eziyingozi.

Ezindaweni zokusebenza eziseduze kwethrafikhi noma imishini emikhulu, lezi zibani zekhanda zinciphisa ingozi yezingozi. Ziqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ubonakala kwabanye, ngisho nasezikhanyisweni ezingezinhle. Ngokukhetha izibani zekhanda ezihambisana nezimiso ze-ANSI/ISEA 107, uthuthukisa ukuphepha kwakho futhi uhlangabezana nezidingo zendawo yokusebenza. Lokhu kuzenza zibe yinto ebalulekile emishinini yakho ebonakala kakhulu.

Imigomo Eyinhloko Yezibani Zekhanda Ezihambisana Ne-ANSI 107

Ukukhanya kanye Nokuqina Kokukhanya

Uma kuhlolwa izibani zekhanda, ukukhanya kanye nokuqina kokukhanya kuyizinto ezibalulekile. Ukukhanya kulinganiswa ku-lux, okulinganisa inani lokukhanya okubonakalayo ebangeni elithile. Isibonelo, amamitha okukhanya ezimboni alinganisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kumamitha amane. Ukuqina kokukhanya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunquma ukuthi ukukhanya kuhamba ibanga elingakanani. Ifomula yokubala ukukhanya (E) ku-lux yi-E = i / (D²), lapho u-“i” emele ukuqina okukhanyayo ku-candela, kanti u-“D” ibanga ngamamitha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungahlola ukuthi isibani sekhanda sinikeza ukukhanya okwanele yini ngezidingo zakho.

Izindinganiso ezifana ne-ANSI FL-1 nazo zihlola ibanga lemisebe kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri. Lezi zilinganiso zikusiza ukuthi ukhethe izibani zekhanda ezigcina ukukhanya okufanayo isikhathi eside. Isibani sekhanda esinezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-lux kanye nebanga lemisebe elenziwe kahle liqinisekisa ukubonakala okungcono, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi. Izibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107 zivame ukuba ngcono kulezi zindawo, okwenza zibe ukukhetha okuthembekile kokuphepha.

Izakhiwo Ezikhanyayo Nezikhanyayo

Izinto ezikhanyayo nezikhanyayo zithuthukisa ukubonakala ngokukwenza ubonakale kakhulu ezimweni ezimnyama. Imibala ekhanyayo efana nophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu o-orenji iyabonakala emini, kuyilapho izinto ezikhanyayo zithuthukisa ukubonakala ebusuku. Izibani zekhanda ezinemichilo ekhanyayo noma imisindo ekhanyayo zihambisana nezingubo ezibonakala kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ubonakala kusuka emakhoneni amaningi.

Lezi zakhiwo zibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezishintshashintshayo, njengezindawo zokwakha noma imigwaqo. Ngokukhetha izibani zekhanda ezinezici ezikhanyayo noma ezikhanyayo, udala ikhambi lokuphepha eliphelele. Lokhu kuhambisana nezimiso zezibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107, ezibeka phambili ukubonakala nokuphepha.

Ukuqina Nokumelana Nemvelo

Ukuqina kuqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sakho sekhanda sisebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, njengokuhlolwa kwe-photometric kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo, kuhlola ikhono lesibani sekhanda lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka. Ukuhlolwa kwe-photometric kulinganisa ubukhali bokukhanya kanye nokusatshalaliswa, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kuhlola ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama, kanye nokudlidliza.

Isibonelo, i-FMVSS 108 ichaza izidingo zezinhlelo zokukhanyisa izimoto, okuhlanganisa nezibani zekhanda. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kubeka izibani zekhanda ezicindezelekile ngokwemishini nangokwezemvelo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zingakwazi ukubhekana nezimo zangempela. Izibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107 zivame ukuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso eziqinile, zinikeza ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside nokuphepha.

Kungani Ukuthobela Umthetho Okubonakala Kakhulu Kubalulekile

Ukuphepha Ezimweni Eziphansi Zokukhanya

Ukuhambisana nokukhanya okuphezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukugcineni uphephile ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane. Ukukhanya okufanele nokubonakala kahle kunciphisa amathuba ezingozi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhanya komgwaqo okuklanywe kahle kunganciphisa izingozi zasebusuku ngamaphesenti angama-30. Imigwaqo enamazinga okukhanya aphakathi kuka-1.2–2 cd/m² ihlangabezana nezingozi ezimbalwa ngo-20–30% uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezinamazinga okukhanya aphansi. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa amathuluzi afana nezibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala nokuphepha.

Izibani zekhanda ezinezibani ezikhanya kakhulu nezimpawu ezikhanyayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ubonakala kwabanye, ngisho nasezimweni ezimnyama. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza endaweni yokwakha noma uhamba emgwaqweni ongenakukhanya kahle, lezi zibani zekhanda zinikeza ukukhanya okudingekayo ukuze ugweme izingozi. Ngokubeka phambili ukubonakala, unciphisa kakhulu izingozi ezihlobene nezindawo ezinokukhanya okuncane.

Izidingo Zendawo Yokusebenza Nezomthetho

Izindawo eziningi zokusebenza zidinga ukuthi uhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezithile, okuhlanganisa nokuthobela imithetho ebonakala kakhulu. Izimboni ezifana nokwakha, ezokuthutha, kanye nokulungiswa komgwaqo zivame ukusebenza ezimweni eziyingozi lapho ukubonakala kubalulekile khona. Abaqashi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi basebenzisa imishini ehambisana nemithethonqubo yokuphepha ukuze banciphise izingozi futhi balandele izidingo zomthetho.

Ukusebenzisa izibani zekhanda ezihambisana ne-ANSI 107 kubonisa ukuzibophezela kwakho ekuphepheni emsebenzini. Lezi zibani zekhanda azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwakho kodwa futhi zisiza izinhlangano ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuthobela imithetho. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wemfanelo futhi kuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ephephile kubo bonke abathintekayo.

Ukunciphisa Izingozi Ezindaweni Eziyingozi

Izindawo eziyingozi zidinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithembekile ukuze zikuvikele ezingozini ezingaba khona. Izibani zekhanda ezibonakala kakhulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zokusebenza. Ucwaningo oluhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokubonakala kwezibani zekhanda kanye namazinga okuphahlazeka luthole ukuthi imiklamo engcono yezibani zekhanda inganciphisa amazinga okuphahlazeka ebusuku ngo-12% kuya ku-29%. Ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe kunciphisa amathuba ezingozi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile ezimweni ezinzima.

Ngokukhetha izibani zekhanda ezenzelwe ukuhambisana nomthetho obonakalayo, uzivikela wena nabanye ezindaweni eziyingozi. Lezi zibani zekhanda ziqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ubonakala, ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, okunciphisa ingozi yezingozi nokulimala.

Indlela Yokuhlola Izibani Zekhanda Ukuze Zihambisane Nemithetho

Ukuhlola Amalebula Esitifiketi

Uma kuhlolwa izibani zekhanda ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ziyahambisana yini nemithetho, amalebula okuqinisekisa ahlinzeka ngendlela esheshayo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yawo kanye nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zokuphepha. Funa amalebula anjengelithiI-FMVSS 108, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zezimoto zikahulumeni zokukhanyisa kanye nezibonisi. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlolwe kanzima ukuze kubonakale futhi kuphephe.

Izinhlangano zokugunyaza ezifana ne-Intertek, i-VCA, i-A2LA, kanye ne-AMECA zihlola imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa izimoto ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomkhakha. Ngokuhlola lawa malebula, ungakhetha ngokuzethemba izibani zekhanda ezihambisana nezidingo ezibonakala kakhulu. Lesi sinyathelo asigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi sikusiza ukuthi ugweme imikhiqizo ehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza ezibalulekile.

Ukwenza Ukuhlolwa Kokubonakala Nokubukeza

Ukuhlola ukubonakala nokukhanya kwezibani zekhanda kuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenza kahle ezimweni zangempela. Qala ngokufaka isibani sekhanda endaweni yokuhlola ukuze ukopishe ukufakwa kwaso kwangempela. Bese, yenza izilinganiso ze-photometric ukuze uhlole ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya kanye nokuqina. Hlaziya amaphethini okukhanya kokubili imisebenzi yokukhanya okuphansi nokuphakama ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okufanele kanye nokulawula ukukhanya.

Kufanele futhi uqinisekise ukuhambisana kombala kanye namazinga okukhanya kokukhanya. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, njengokuhlola ukusebenza ngaphansi kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kuqinisekisa ukuqina. Ithebula elingezansi lichaza umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo wokuhlola ukuhambisana kwezibani zekhanda:

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokubonakala nokuphepha, okunikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphansi.

Ukuthuthukela ku-Izibani Zekhanda Ezihambisana Ne-ANSI 107

Ukuthuthukela ezibanini zekhanda ezibonakala kakhulu kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuphepha kanye nezindleko. Ama-halogen bulb, isibonelo, abiza u-$15 kuya ku-$30 ngalinye futhi angafakwa wena, okusindisa izindleko zomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ama-HID bulb, anenani eliphakathi kuka-$100 kuya ku-$150 ngalinye, adinga ukufakwa kochwepheshe, okwengeza u-$50 kuya ku-$200. Naphezu kwezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme, ama-HID bulbs asebenzisa amandla kahle futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, okunciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa. Eminyakeni emihlanu, ama-halogen bulbs angabiza cishe u-$150, kuyilapho ama-HID bulbs esewonke engaba u-$300, okuhlanganisa nokufakwa.

Izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokuthuthukisa zidlula izindleko zokuqala. Amabhalbhu e-HID anikeza ukukhanya okungcono, athuthukisa ukubonakala futhi anciphise izingozi. Ngokutshala imali ezibanini zekhanda ezisezingeni eliphezulu, uqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zendawo yokusebenza noma zomthetho.

Izibani zekhanda kungenzeka zingawi ngqo ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ze-ANSI/ISEA 107, kodwa zihlala zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukubonakala nokuphepha. Kufanele uhlole izibani zekhanda ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezintathu ezibalulekile: ukukhanya, ukukhanyisa, kanye nokuqina. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sakho sekhanda sisebenza kahle ngezingubo ezibonakala kakhulu, okudala indawo ephephile ezimweni ezinokukhanya okuncane noma eziyingozi.