Izindinganiso Zokuphepha Zomhlaba Wonke Zezibani Zekhanda Ezishajwayo Ezindaweni Eziyingozi

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke zezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni lapho amagesi aqhumayo noma uthuli oluvuthayo lubangela khona izingozi. Lezi zindinganiso, njengesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile, okunciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ukunamathela kule mithetho kuthinta kakhulu ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza. Isibonelo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-OSHA kuholele ekwehleni kokulimala ngo-9% kanye nokwehla ngo-26% kwezindleko ezihlobene nokulimala (Levine et al., 2012).
2. Ukuhlolwa okunezijeziso kuholele ekwehleni okungu-19% kokulimala okulahlekile emsebenzini (Gray noMendeloff, 2005).
3. Izinkampani zibhekane nokwehla okufika ku-24% kokulimala phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuhlolwa (Haviland et al., 2012).

Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa indima ebalulekile yokuthobela imithetho ekuvikeleni abasebenzi nasekunciphiseni izingozi.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Ukwazi izindawo eziyingozi kubalulekile ukuze ukhethe isibani sekhanda esifanele. Indawo ngayinye idinga imithetho ethile yokuphepha.
• Izitifiketi ze-ATEX ne-IECEx zifakazela ukuthi izibani zekhanda zilandela ngokuqinileimithetho yokuphephaLokhu kunciphisa izingozi ezindaweni eziyingozi.
• Ukuhlola nokulungisa izibani zekhandangokuvamile zigcina ziphephile futhi zisebenza kahle. Bheka umonakalo bese uhlola ukukhanya ngaphambi kokukusebenzisa.
• Khetha izibani zekhanda ezikhululekile futhi ezilula ukuzisebenzisa. Lokhu kuyasiza ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside ezindaweni eziyingozi.
• Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngendlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi nokuhlala bephephile kwenza umsebenzi uphephe futhi usheshe.

Izindawo Eziyingozi Nokuhlukaniswa Kwazo

Incazelo Yezindawo Eziyingozi

Izindawo eziyingozi zibhekisela ezindaweni lapho kungakheka khona umoya oqhumayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagesi avuthayo, umusi, uthuli, noma imicu. Lezi zindawo zidinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuvimbela imithombo yokushisa ukuthi ingabangela izehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu. Izifunda ezahlukene zamukela izinhlelo ezithile zokuhlukanisa ukuze zichaze lezi zindawo.

Lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuvumelana ekutholeni nasekunciphiseni izingozi kuzo zonke izimboni.

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezindawo (Indawo 0, Indawo 1, Indawo 2)

Izindawo eziyingozi zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa ekungenzeka kanye nobude besikhathi semimoya eqhumayo. Ithebula elilandelayo lichaza izindlela zokulinganisa indawo ngayinye:

Lezi zigaba ziqondisa ukukhethwa kwemishini, njengokuthiizibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuthobela imithetho.

Izimboni Ezivamile kanye Nezicelo

Izindawo eziyingozi zivame kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene lapho kuphathwa khona izinto ezivuthayo. Imikhakha ebalulekile ifaka:

• Uwoyela negesi
• Amakhemikhali kanye nemithi
• Ukudla neziphuzo
• Amandla namandla
• Ukumba

Ngo-2020, amagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo elapha abasebenzi ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-1.8 ngenxa yokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinyathelo zokuphepha kulezi zindawo. Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezenzelwe izindawo eziyingozi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.

Isitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx kanye nezinye izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke

Ukubuka konke kwesitifiketi se-ATEX

Isitifiketi se-ATEXiqinisekisa ukuthi imishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ivela e-European Union, i-ATEX ithola igama layo egameni lesiFulentshi elithi “ATmosphères EXplosibles.” Lesi sitifiketi sisebenza kokubili emishinini kagesi kanye neyomshini, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ayibi imithombo yokushisa ezindaweni eziyingozi. Abakhiqizi kumele balandele umyalelo we-ATEX ukuze bathengise imikhiqizo yabo eYurophu.

Izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zesitifiketi se-ATEX zichazwe eziqondisweni ezithile. Lezi ziqondiso ziqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokuthembeka ezindinganisweni zokuphepha:

Izifundo zamacala ziqokomisa izinzuzo zesitifiketi se-ATEX:

• Isitshalo se-petrochemical sithuthukiswe saba yi-ATEX Zone 1 certified gas detectors. Lolu shintsho luthuthukise ukutholakala kokuvuza kwegesi kusenesikhathi, lwanciphisa izehlakalo, futhi lwathuthukisa isikhathi sokusebenza.
• Isikhungo semithi sithathe indawo yokukhanyisa okuvamile ngokukhanyisa okuvikela ukuqhuma okuqinisekiswe yi-ATEX Zone 1. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthuthukise ukuhambisana nokuphepha kanye nokubonakala, kwakha indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi isitifiketi se-ATEX sithuthukisa kanjani ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izindinganiso ze-IECEx kanye Nokufaneleka Kwazo Emhlabeni Wonke

Uhlelo lwe-IECEx luhlinzeka ngohlaka oluqashelwa emhlabeni wonke lokuqinisekisa imishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Lolu hlelo lwakhiwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), luqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Ngokungafani ne-ATEX, eqondene nesifunda, isitifiketi se-IECEx senza kube lula ukuhweba komhlaba wonke ngokuvumelanisa izidingo zokuphepha kuwo wonke amazwe.

Izindinganiso ze-IECEx zibaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokulandela lezi zindinganiso, izinhlangano zingenza kube lula izinqubo zokuthobela imithetho futhi zinciphise isidingo sezitifiketi eziningi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi kodwa futhi iqinisekisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza.

Ukubaluleka komhlaba wonke kwezindinganiso ze-IECEx kusekukwazini kwazo ukuqeda umehluko wesifunda. Isibonelo, ngenkathi iYurophu ithembele esiqinisekisweni se-ATEX, ezinye izifunda eziningi, okuhlanganisa i-Australia ne-New Zealand, zamukela amazinga e-IECEx. Lokhu kuvumelanisa kukhuthaza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha ezimbonini ezifana nowoyela negesi, izimayini, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali.

Isitifiketi se-UL sokuphepha kwebhethri

Isitifiketi se-UL sigxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwamabhethri asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi. Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha, ezivame ukufakwa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezithile ukuvimbela izingozi ezifana nokushisa ngokweqile, ama-short circuits, noma ukuqhuma. Izindinganiso ze-UL zibhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokuhlola ukusebenza kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Amabhethri aqinisekiswe yi-UL ahlolwa kanzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezeleka komshini, kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezivuthayo. Lesi sitifiketi sibaluleke kakhulu ezibanini zekhanda ezishajwayo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi, lapho ukwehluleka kwebhethri kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele.

Ngokuhlanganisa isitifiketi se-UL nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, abakhiqizi banganikeza iziqinisekiso zokuphepha eziphelele zemikhiqizo yabo. Le ndlela ekabili iqinisekisa ukuthiizibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabushaihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kagesi kanye nebhethri, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Izinguquko zesifunda ezindinganisweni zokuphepha

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinhlaka zomthetho, imikhuba yezimboni, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Lokhu kwehluka kubonisa izinselele ezihlukile kanye nezinto eziza kuqala esifundeni ngasinye, okuthonya indlela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisetshenziswa futhi ziphoqelelwa ngayo.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithonya Umehluko Wesifunda

Izici eziningana zinegalelo ekwahlukeni kwezifunda ezindinganisweni zokuphepha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izici ezihlelekile, izici zabantu, kanye nokwehluka kwamasiko. Ithebula elilandelayo liqokomisa la mathonya:

Izifunda ezinemithetho eqinile yokulawula, njengeYurophu, zigcizelela ukuhambisana nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izifunda zingase zibeke phambili amazinga endawo afanele izidingo ezithile zezimboni noma izimo zemvelo.

Izibonelo Zezindinganiso Zesifunda

1. IYurophuI-European Union iyalela isitifiketi se-ATEX semishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanayo kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu, okukhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lokuthobela imithetho.
2. i-America esenyakatho: I-United States ne-Canada zithembele ezindinganisweni ze-NEC ne-CEC, ezihlukanisa izindawo eziyingozi ngendlela ehlukile ohlelweni lwaseYurophu. Lezi zindinganiso zigxile ezidingweni zokuphepha kagesi ezinemininingwane.
3. I-Asia-PacificAmazwe akulesi sifunda avame ukwamukela inhlanganisela yezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, njenge-IECEx, kanye nemithethonqubo yendawo. Isibonelo, i-Australia ne-New Zealand zihambisana eduze nezindinganiso ze-IECEx, kuyilapho amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia angase afake iziqondiso ezengeziwe zokubhekana nezinselele zesifunda.

Imiphumela Kubakhiqizi Nabasebenzisi

Abakhiqizi abahlose ukuthengisa izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha emhlabeni jikelele kumele badlule kulezi zimo zesifunda. Ukunamathela ezitifiketini eziningi, njengesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx kanye namazinga e-UL, kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha ezahlukahlukene zezimakethe ezahlukahlukene. Kubasebenzisi, ukuqonda lezi zimo kubalulekile ekukhetheni imishini ehambisana nemithetho yendawo futhi enikeza ukuphepha okuphezulu ezindaweni eziyingozi.

IthiphuIzinkampani ezisebenza ezifundeni eziningi kufanele zicabangele ukwamukela izitifiketi eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njenge-IECEx ukuze kube lula ukuthobela imithetho nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza.

Ngokuqaphela nokubhekana nokwehluka kwezifunda ezindinganisweni zokuphepha, izimboni zingaqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kwabasebenzi nemishini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo ikuphi.

Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zezibani Zekhanda Eziphinde Zishajwe

Ukuqina Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo Nomklamo Ongavimbeli Ukuqhuma

Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezenzelwe izindawo eziyingozi kumele zibonise ukuqina kwezinto ezihlukile kanye namakhono okumelana nokuqhuma. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngenkathi ivimbela izingozi zokusha ezindaweni ezivuthayo. Abakhiqizi bafaka izibani zekhandaukuhlolwa okuqinileukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuthembeka kwazo.

• Ukuhlolwa okuvimbela ukuqhumaqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwesibani sekhanda kuvimbela izinhlansi noma ukushisa ekuvutheni amagesi avuthayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuvikela ukungenahlola izakhiwo ezingangeni manzi nezivikela uthuli, uvikele izingxenye zangaphakathi ezindaweni ezinzima.
• Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqwalaukuhlola ikhono lesibani sekhanda lokubekezelela ukufuthwa ngosawoti, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezimbonini zasolwandle noma zamakhemikhali.
• Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokudlidlizalinganisa ukudlidliza kokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nobuqotho bedivayisi.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisaqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sisebenza kahle ekushiseni okukhulu noma emakhazeni, okuvimbela ukukhathala kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Lezi zivivinyo, kuhlanganiswe nezitifiketi ezifana nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zekhanda ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Leli zinga lokuqina kanye nomklamo ovikela ukuqhuma kubalulekileizimboni ezifana nowoyela negesi, izimayini, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, lapho ukuphepha kungeke kubekwe engcupheni.

Ukuphepha Nokuthobela Imithetho Yebhethri

Amabhethri asebenzisa izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi ezingaba khona. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, asetshenziswa kakhulu kula madivayisi, ahlolwa kabanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angasebenza ngokuphephile ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukuvikelwa ekushiseni ngokweqile, okungaholela ekubalekeni kokushisa noma ukuqhuma.
• Ukuvimbela ama-short circuits ngokusebenzisa imiklamo yangaphakathi eqinile.
• Ukumelana nokucindezeleka komshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lihlala liphelele ngesikhathi sokuwa noma ukushayisana.
• Ukuhambisana nokushisa okukhulu, kugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha.

Isitifiketi se-UL sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwebhethri. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zokuthembeka nokusebenza. Uma sihlanganiswa nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, sinikeza isiqinisekiso esiphelele sokuthi isibani sekhanda siphephile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukukhishwa Kokukhanya kanye Nokusebenza Kokukhanya

Ukukhanya okusebenzayo kubalulekile kubasebenzi abasebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi. Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha kumele zinikeze ukukhanya okuhambisanayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala nokuphepha.

Abakhiqizi bagxila ezicini eziningana ukuze bafeze lokhu:

• Amazinga okukhanyakumele kube okwanele ukukhanyisa izikhala ezimnyama noma ezivalekile ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhanya.
• Ibanga nobubanzi bomsebekufanele inikeze umbono ocacile wendawo ezungezile, ivumele abasebenzi ukuthi babone izingozi ezingaba khona.
• Isikhathi eside sokukhishwa kokukhanyakuqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlala sisebenza phakathi nesikhathi eside somsebenzi.
• Izilungiselelo ezilungisekayovumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngokwezifiso ubukhali bokukhanya kanye nokugxila kokukhanya ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ethile.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokukhanya kuqinisekisa lezi zici, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemboni zokukhanya kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya. Izibani zekhanda ezisebenza kahle azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi zinciphisa nengozi yezingozi ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izilinganiso ze-IP kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi kumele zibhekane nezimo zemvelo eziyinselele. Izilinganiso ze-IP, nomaIzilinganiso Zokuvikela Ukungena, idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ikhono ledivayisi lokumelana nothuli, amanzi, nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Lezi zilinganiso, ezisungulwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), zinikeza isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokuvikela.

Ukuqonda Izilinganiso ze-IP

Izilinganiso ze-IP ziqukethe izinombolo ezimbili. Inombolo yokuqala ikhombisa ukuvikelwa ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile, kanti inombolo yesibili imelela ukumelana noketshezi. Izinombolo eziphakeme zisho ukuvikelwa okukhulu. Isibonelo:

Lezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zekhanda zihlala zisebenza ezindaweni lapho uthuli, umswakama, noma amanzi kungalimaza ukusebenza kwazo.

Ukubaluleka Kwezilinganiso ze-IP Ezindaweni Eziyingozi

Izindawo eziyingozi zivame ukufaka imishini ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha kumele zihlangabezane nezilinganiso ezithile ze-IP ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphepha. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukumelana Nothuli: Kuvimbela izinhlayiya ukuthi zingangeni kudivayisi, okungadala ukungasebenzi kahle noma izingozi zokusha.
• Ukuvimbela amanzi: Kuvikela izingxenye zangaphakathi emswakama, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki ezindaweni ezimanzi.
• Ukuqina: Kuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphila sesibani sekhanda, kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha isibani sekhanda sezindawo eziyingozi, beka phambili amamodeli anezilinganiso ze-IP67 noma ngaphezulu ukuze avikeleke kahle.

Ukuhlolwa kanye Nesitifiketi Sokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

Abakhiqizi bahlola izibani zekhanda ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa izilinganiso zabo ze-IP. Lokhu kuhlola kulingisa izimo zangempela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi isebenza ngokwethembeka. Izinqubo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegumbi Lothuli: Hlola ikhono lesibani sekhanda lokumelana nezinhlayiya ezincane.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesifutho Samanzi: Hlola ukuvikelwa ezindizeni zamanzi ezinomfutho ophezulu.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokucwiliswa: Qinisekisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kokuchayeka emanzini isikhathi eside.

Amadivayisi aphumelela kulezi zivivinyo athola izitifiketi, njenge-ATEX noma i-IECEx, okuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwawo ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Eziqondene Nesicelo

Izimboni ezahlukene zidinga amazinga ahlukene okuvikelwa kwemvelo. Isibonelo:

• Uwoyela negesi: Izibani zekhanda kumele zimelane nothuli kanye nokuchayeka emanzini ngesikhathi sokubhoboza.
• Ukumba: Amadivayisi adinga ukumelana nokucwiliswa emihubheni egcwele amanzi.
• Ukukhiqiza Amakhemikhali: Imishini kumele ihlale isebenza ezindaweni ezinezinto ezigqwalisayo.

Ukukhetha isibani sekhanda esilinganiswe nge-IP esifanele kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla.

Inothi: Izilinganiso ze-IP zodwa aziqinisekisi amakhono okumelana nokuqhuma. Njalo qinisekisa isitifiketi se-ATEX noma se-IECEx sokuthobela imithetho yendawo eyingozi.

Ngokuqonda izilinganiso ze-IP kanye nendima yazo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, izimboni zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho zikhetha izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukukhetha Isibani Sekhanda Esishajwayo Esifanele

Ukufanisa Izici Zesibani Sekhanda Nezigaba Zezindawo Eziyingozi

Ukukhetha isibani sekhanda esifanele esishajwayo kuqala ngokuqonda okuthileukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozilapho izosetshenziswa khona. Indawo ngayinye—i-Zone 0, i-Zone 1, noma i-Zone 2—idinga imishini enezici zokuphepha ezenzelwe wena ukunciphisa izingozi. Isibonelo, izindawo ze-Zone 0 zidinga izibani zekhanda ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lomklamo ovikela ukuqhuma, njengoba izimo eziqhumayo zihlala zikhona. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izibani zekhanda ze-Zone 2 zingase zibeke phambili ukuqina kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, njengoba ingozi yendawo eqhumayo ingavamile.

Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kwezibani zekhanda ezishajwayo nezisebenza ngebhethri kungaqondisa kakhulu ukwenza izinqumo:

Leli thebula liqokomisa indlela izidingo zokusebenza kanye nezimo zemvelo ezithinta ngayo ukukhethwa kwezici zezibani zekhanda.

Ukuhlola Isitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx kanye Nokuhambisana Nemithetho

Isitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa ukuthi imishini iye yahlolwa ngokuzimela ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile. Isibonelo, i-ATEX Directive ichaza izidingo ezibalulekile zezempilo nokuphepha zemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Ukuhambisana nalezi zindinganiso akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi kunikeza ukucabanga kokuhambisana, okwenza kube lula izinqubo zokugunyazwa kwemithetho.

Ezimbonini ezisebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi, ukukhetha izibani zekhanda ezinesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx kuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ayizifaki ezinye izingozi. Lesi sitifiketi sibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezifana nezitshalo zamakhemikhali noma izindawo zokuhluza uwoyela, lapho ngisho nemithombo emincane yokushisa ingaholela ezigamekweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngokuqondene Nohlelo Lokusebenza (Ukukhanya, Isikhathi Sokusebenza, njll.)

Izidingo zokusebenza kwendawo eyingozi zivame ukunquma izici ezithile ezidingekayo esibanini sekhanda esingashajwa kabusha. Amazinga okukhanya, isibonelo, kumele alinganisele phakathi kokunikeza ukukhanya okwanele nokugwema ukukhanya okungahle kuphazamise ukubonakala. Isikhathi sokusebenza singenye into ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi abasezindaweni ezikude noma ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Izibani zekhanda ezinezilungiselelo zokukhanya ezilungisekayo namabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside zinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuthembeka.

Izifundo zamacala zibonisa ukuvela kwezici zezibani zekhanda ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo. Isibonelo, ukushintsha kusuka ezindinganisweni ze-MIL-STD-810F kuya ku-MIL-STD-810G kuthuthukise ukuqina nokuphepha kwemisebenzi yezimayini. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zekhanda zisebenza ngokwethembeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi, zivikela abasebenzi ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha isibani sekhanda, beka phambili izici ezihambisana nemisebenzi ethile kanye nezinselele zemvelo zendawo eyingozi.

Imiklamo ye-Ergonomic nelula ukuyisebenzisa

Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezenzelwe izindawo eziyingozi kumele zibeke phambili i-ergonomics kanye nobungane bomsebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi. Imishini eklanywe kabi ingaholela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba, ukwehla komkhiqizo, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yamaphutha omqhubi. Abakhiqizi babhekana nalezi zinselele ngokufaka izici ezithuthukisa induduzo, ukusebenziseka kalula, kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele zihlanganisa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba ngemiklamo elula neyincane. Izisebenzi zivame ukugqoka izibani zekhanda isikhathi eside, okwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo kube yinto ebalulekile. Amabhande alungisekayo avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngokwezifiso ukulingana, baqinisekise induduzo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamakhanda nezinhlobo zezigqoko. Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezandla kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kahle, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile emisebenzini ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Izici eziningana zokusebenziseka kalula zithuthukisa ulwazi oluphelele lwabasebenzisi:

• Izilawuli eziqondayo zenza kube lula ukusebenza, kunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu.
• Izilungiselelo ezifinyezekayo zinikeza ukuguquguquka, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise amazinga okukhanya ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ethile noma ezimweni zokukhanya.
• Impilo yebhethri ende iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokushintshwa okude, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude.

Indlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo nemishini nayo ithinta ukusebenza kwayo kahle. Imiyalelo ecacile kanye nezibonisi ezilula ukuzifunda kwenza izibani zekhanda zifinyeleleke kalula, ngisho nakubasebenzisi bokuqala. Lezi zici azithuthukisi nje ukuphepha kodwa futhi zithuthukisa umkhiqizo ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibangelwa ukudideka noma ukusetshenziswa kabi.

Izifundo ze-Ergonomic ziqinisekisa lezi zimiso zokuklama. Ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba, ukuthuthukisa isisindo nosayizi, nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okunembile. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinto, abakhiqizi bakha izibani zekhanda ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingakalayo zezindawo eziyingozi ngenkathi bebeka phambili inhlalakahle yabasebenzi.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha isibani sekhanda, cabanga ngamamodeli anezintambo ezilungisekayo, ukwakheka okulula, kanye nezilawuli ezinembile. Lezi zici zithuthukisa induduzo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni ezinzima.

Ukugcinwa kanye Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Izinqubo Zokuhlola Nokuhlola Ezivamile

Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwezibani zekhanda ezishajwayo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwazo ezindaweni eziyingozi. Izisebenzi kufanele zihlole ibhokisi lezibani zekhanda ukuze zibone imifantu noma izimpawu zokuguguleka ezingalimaza umklamo walo ongaqhumi. Izindawo zebhethri kumele zihlale zivaliwe futhi zingagqwali ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka.Ukuhlola ukukhanya okuphumayongaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo futhi kuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokukhanya noma ukulungiswa kwemisebe.

Izinhlangano kufanele zisungule uhlelo lwe-ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithilengaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilingisiwe. Lo mkhuba usiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isibani sekhanda sihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha futhi sisebenza ngokwethembeka ezimweni zangempela. Ukubhala phansi imiphumela yokuhlola kuvumela amaqembu ukulandelela amaphethini okuguga nokuxazulula izinkinga eziphindaphindayo ngendlela ephumelelayo.

IthiphuUkunikeza abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokubhekwa.

Iziqondiso Zokuhlanza Nokugcina Izinto

Ukuhlanza nokugcina kahle kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ngenkathi kugcinwa izici zazo zokuphepha. Ngaphambi kokuhlanza, abasebenzisi kufanele bacime idivayisi futhi basuse amabhethri ukuze bagweme izingozi zikagesi. Indwangu ethambile nensipho ethambile kususa ngempumelelo ukungcola nokungcola okuvela ebhokisini. Ama-terminal ebhethri kanye nezivalo kufanele kuhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala ziphelele futhi zisebenza kahle.

Izimo zokugcina zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ubuqotho besibani sekhanda. Amadivayisi kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukusebenzisa amakesi okuvikela kuvimbela umonakalo ongengozi ngesikhathi sokugcina noma sokuthutha.

Inothi: Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali aqinile noma izinto ezihudulayo ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, njengoba lokhu kungonakalisa izembozo zokuvikela zesibani sekhanda.

Ukunakekelwa Kwebhethri Nokushintshwa

Ukugcina amabhethri ezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza njalo ezindaweni eziyingozi. Abasebenzisi kufanele bathembele kumashaja avunyelwe ngumkhiqizi ukuvimbela ukushaja ngokweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile. Amabhethri akufanele avunyelwe ukuthi akhiphe ngokuphelele, njengoba lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi sawo sokuphila. Ukugcina amabhethri endaweni epholile, eyomile kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kokushisa.

Ikhono lokushintsha amabhethri lithuthukisa kalula ukuthembeka kwezibani zekhanda. Isibonelo, isibani sekhanda se-Nightcore HA23UHE sivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe amabhethri e-AAA kalula. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sokushintshana isikhathi eside noma imisebenzi yangaphandle, sinciphisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphila kwebhethri kanye nezidingo zokushaja kabusha.

Ithiphu: Hlola njalo amabhethri ukuze ubone izimpawu zokuvuvukala noma ukuvuza bese uwashintsha ngokushesha ukuze ugweme izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ngokulandela le mikhuba emihle kakhulu, izimboni zingakhulisa ukuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nobude besikhathi sezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa kokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuhambisana nemithetho

Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi basebenzisa izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ngokuphephile futhi bahambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Izinhlangano ezisebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi kumele zibeke phambili imfundo ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zezinhlelo Zokuqeqesha

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezisebenzayo kufanele zibhekane nalezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqonda Izindawo Eziyingozi: Abasebenzi kumele bafunde ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi (iZone 0, iZone 1, iZone 2) kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nenye nenye.
• Ukujwayelana NemishiniUkuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake phakathi izikhathi zokusebenzelana ukuze kujwayelane izisebenzi ngezici zezibani zekhanda, okuhlanganisa izilungiselelo zokukhanya, ukushintshwa kwebhethri, kanye nezilinganiso ze-IP.
• Izinqubo Zokuphepha: Abasebenzi kumele baqonde izinqubo zokuhlola, ukuhlanza, nokugcina izibani zekhanda ukuze balondoloze umklamo wabo ongaqhumi.

Ithiphu: Faka izinsiza ezibonakalayo kanye nemiboniso exhumanayo ukuze uthuthukise ukugcinwa kanye nokuzibandakanya ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.

Izinzuzo Zokuqeqeshwa Okuvamile

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana:

1. Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe: Izisebenzi zithola ulwazi lokubona izingozi ezingaba khona futhi zisebenzise imishini ngendlela efanele.
2. Isiqinisekiso Sokuthobela ImithethoUkuqeqeshwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ze-ATEX/IECEx, kunciphisa ingozi yokwephulwa kwemithetho.
3. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokusebenza: Izisebenzi ezifundile zingaxazulula izinkinga ezincane, zinciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.

Izindlela Zokunikeza Ukuqeqeshwa

Izinhlangano zingasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa:

• Ama-Workshops Asendaweni: Izikhathi ezisebenzayo ezenziwa ezindaweni eziyingozi zinikeza ulwazi lwangempela.
• Amamojula Okufunda Nge-inthanethiIzifundo eziku-inthanethi zinikeza ukuguquguquka kanye nokukhula kwamaqembu amakhulu.
• Izinhlelo ZokuqinisekisaUkubambisana nezinhlangano zezimboni kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bathola ukuqeqeshwa okugunyaziwe okuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke.

InothiIzifundo zokuvuselela njalo zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi bahlale benolwazi ngezindinganiso zokuphepha ezishintshayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini.

Isibonelo Semboni

Emkhakheni kawoyela negesi, inkampani iqalise ukuqeqeshwa kwekota okugxile emishinini eqinisekiswe yi-ATEX. Lesi sinyathelo sinciphise izehlakalo ezihlobene nemishini ngo-35% futhi sathuthukisa ukuzethemba kwabasebenzi ekubhekaneni nezinselele zezindawo eziyingozi.

Ngokutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha eziphelele, izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kanye nokuthobela imithetho, zivikele kokubili abasebenzi kanye nemishini ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke zezibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle. Izitifiketi ezifana ne-ATEX ne-IECEx ziqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile, okunciphisa izingozi ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Isikhumbuzi: Ukukhetha izibani zekhanda ngenkuthalo ezinezitifiketi ezifanele nokuzigcina zisebenza ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuhambisana nesikhathi eside.

Ngokubeka ukuphepha phambili nangokulandela lezi zindinganiso, izimboni zingakha izindawo zokusebenza eziphephile ngenkathi zithuthukisa umkhiqizo futhi zinciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezitifiketi ze-ATEX ne-IECEx?

Isitifiketi se-ATEX sisebenza ngqo kwi-European Union, kuyilapho i-IECEx inikeza uhlaka oluqashelwa emhlabeni wonke lokuphepha komkhathi oqhumayo. Zombili ziqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile, kodwa i-IECEx yenza kube lula ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe ngokuvumelanisa izidingo kuzo zonke izifunda.

Izibani zekhanda ezishajwayo kufanele zihlolwe kangaki?

Izibani zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye futhi zihlolwe njalo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilingisiwe. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlala ihambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha futhi isebenza ngokwethembeka ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ingabe isibani sekhanda esinesilinganiso se-IP67 singasetshenziswa ku-Zone 0?

Cha, isilinganiso se-IP67 sibonisa kuphela ukuvikelwa othulini nasemanzini. Izindawo ze-Zone 0 zidinga izibani zekhanda ezinesitifiketi se-ATEX noma se-IECEx ukuqinisekisa amandla okumelana nokuqhuma ezindaweni ezinezimo eziqhumayo eziqhubekayo.

Kungani isitifiketi se-UL sibalulekile ezibanini zekhanda ezingashajwa kabusha?

Isitifiketi se-UL siqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ezibanini zekhanda. Siqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri angamelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, avimbele izingozi ezifana nokushisa ngokweqile noma ama-short circuits ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Yiziphi izici okufanele izisebenzi zibeke phambili lapho zikhetha isibani sekhanda?

Izisebenzi kufanele zibeke phambili isitifiketi esingaqhumi (i-ATEX/IECEx), amazinga okukhanya afanele, impilo yebhethri ende, kanye nemiklamo ye-ergonomic. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuphepha, induduzo, kanye nokuthembeka ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ithiphu: Njalo fanisa izici zesibani sekhanda nesigaba esithile sendawo eyingozi ukuze uthole ukuphepha okuphezulu.