Amazinga Okuphepha Omhlaba Wonke Ezilambu Ezishajwayo Ezindaweni Eziyingozi

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke zamalambu asebenza kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni lapho amagesi aqhumayo noma uthuli oluvuthayo kubangela izingozi. Lawa mazinga, njengesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, aqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha, okunciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ukunamathela kule mithetho kuthinta kakhulu ukuphepha emsebenzini. Ngokwesibonelo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-OSHA kuye kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwe-9% kokulimala kanye nokwehla kwe-26% kwezindleko ezihlobene nokulimala (Levine et al., 2012).
2. Ukuhlolwa okunezinhlawulo kuholele ekwehleni ngo-19% kokulimala kosuku lokusebenza (uGrey noMendeloff, 2005).
3. Amafemu ahlangabezane nokwehla okungama-24% ekulimaleni phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuhlolwa (Haviland et al., 2012).

Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa indima ebalulekile yokuthobela umthetho ekuvikeleni abasebenzi kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ukwazi izindawo eziyingozi kubalulekile ukukhetha isibani esifanele. Indawo ngayinye idinga imithetho ethile yokuphepha.
• Izitifiketi ze-ATEX kanye ne-IECEx zifakazela ukuthi izibani zekhanda zilandela ngokuqinileimithetho yokuphepha. Lokhu kwehlisa ubungozi ezindaweni eziyingozi.
• Ukuhlola nokulungisa amalambungokuvamile iwagcina ephephile futhi esebenza kahle. Bheka umonakalo futhi uhlole ukukhanya ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa.
• Khetha amalambu anethezekile futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa. Lokhu kusiza ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside ezindaweni eziyingozi.
• Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngendlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi nokuhlala uphephile kwenza umsebenzi uphephe futhi usheshe.

Izindawo Eziyingozi Nezigaba Zazo

Incazelo Yezindawo Eziyingozi

Izindawo eziyingozi zibhekisela ezindaweni lapho umoya oqhumayo ungase wakheke khona ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagesi avuthayo, umusi, uthuli, noma imicu. Lezi zindawo zidinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe imithombo yokuthungela ekudaleni izigameko eziyinhlekelele. Izifunda ezehlukene zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa eziqondile ukuze zichaze lezi zindawo.

Lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuvumelana ekuhlonzeni nasekunciphiseni ubungozi kuzo zonke izimboni.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo (Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2)

Izindawo eziyingozi ziphinde zihlukaniswe ngokusekelwe okungenzeka kanye nobude bendawo eqhumayo. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa imibandela yendawo ngayinye:

Lezi zigaba ziqondisa ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza, njengeamalambu aphinde ashajwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana.

Izimboni Ezivamile Nezicelo

Izindawo eziyingozi zivame kakhulu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene lapho kuphathwa khona izinto ezivuthayo. Imikhakha ebalulekile ihlanganisa:

• Amafutha negesi
• Amakhemikhali kanye nemithi
• Ukudla neziphuzo
• Amandla namandla
• Izimayini

Ngo-2020, amagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo alapha abasebenzi abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-1.8 ngenxa yokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinyathelo zokuphepha kulezi zindawo. Amalambu aphinde ashajwe aklanyelwe izindawo eziyingozi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ubungozi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezisebenzi.

I-ATEX/IECEx Certification kanye Namanye Amazinga Omhlaba

Uhlolojikelele lwesitifiketi se-ATEX

Isitifiketi se-ATEXiqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza okusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo kuyahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha. Isuka ku-European Union, i-ATEX ithola igama layo egameni lesiFulentshi elithi "ATmosphères EXplosibles." Lesi sitifiketi sisebenza kukho kokubili okokusebenza kukagesi kanye nemishini, iqinisekisa ukuthi ayibi imithombo yokuthungela ezindaweni eziyingozi. Abakhiqizi kufanele bathobele isiyalezo se-ATEX ukuze bathengise imikhiqizo yabo eYurophu.

Imibandela yobuchwepheshe yesitifiketi se-ATEX ichazwe kuziqondiso ezithile. Lezi ziqondiso ziqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokuthembeka kumazinga okuphepha:

Izibonelo zezifundo zigqamisa izinzuzo zesitifiketi se-ATEX:

• Imboni ye-petrochemical ethuthukisiwe yaba yizitholi zegesi ezinezitifiketi ze-ATEX Zone 1. Lolu shintsho luthuthukise ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuvuza kwegesi, izigameko ezincishisiwe, kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza esithuthukisiwe.
• Indawo eyenza imithi ithathe indawo yokukhanyisa okuvamile yafaka izibani ezigunyazwe u-ATEX Zone 1 ezivikela ukuqhuma. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthuthukise ukuthobela nokubonakala kokuphepha, kwakha indawo yokusebenza ephephile.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa indlela isitifiketi se-ATEX esithuthukisa ngayo ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Amazinga e-IECEx kanye Nokufaneleka Kwawo Kwembulunga yonke

Uhlelo lwe-IECEx luhlinzeka ngohlaka olwaziwayo emhlabeni wonke lokuqinisekisa izisetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Ithuthukiswe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe ihlangabezana namazinga okuphepha amazwe ngamazwe. Ngokungafani ne-ATEX, eqondene ngqo nesifunda, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-IECEx kusiza ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke ngokuvumelanisa izidingo zokuphepha kuwo wonke amazwe.

Amazinga e-IECEx asebenza ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokunamathela kulawa mazinga, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukuhlehlisa izinqubo zokuthobela futhi zinciphise isidingo sokuthola izitifiketi eziningi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokugcina isikhathi kodwa iqinisekisa nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezingashintshi kuzo zonke izizinda zokusebenza.

Ukuhambisana komhlaba wonke kwamazinga e-IECEx kusekwazini kwawo ukuvala umehluko wesifunda. Isibonelo, ngenkathi iYurophu ithembele ekutholeni isitifiketi kwe-ATEX, ezinye izifunda eziningi, okuhlanganisa i-Australia ne-New Zealand, zamukela izindinganiso ze-IECEx. Lokhu kuvumelana kukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha ezimbonini ezifana nowoyela negesi, izimayini, nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.

Isitifiketi se-UL Sokuphepha Kwebhethri

Isitifiketi se-UL sigxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwamabhethri asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi. Amalambu aphinde ashajwe, ngokuvamile afakwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion, kufanele ahlangabezane nemibandela ethile yokuphepha ukuze avimbele izingozi ezinjengokushisa ngokweqile, amasekhethi amafushane, noma ukuqhuma. Izindinganiso ze-UL zibhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka ngokuhlola ukusebenza kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene.

Amabhethri aqinisekiswe nge-UL ahlolwa kanzima ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi angakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elidlulele, ingcindezi yomshini, kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezivuthayo. Lesi sitifiketi sibaluleke kakhulu kumalambu angashajwa kabusha asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi, lapho ukwehluleka kwebhethri kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele.

Ngokuhlanganisa isitifiketi se-UL nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, abakhiqizi banganikeza iziqinisekiso eziphelele zokuphepha zemikhiqizo yabo. Le ndlela ekabili iqinisekisa lokhoamalambu aphinde ashajweukuhlangabezana kokubili namazinga okuphepha kagesi nebhethri, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukwehluka kwesifunda kumazinga okuphepha

Amazinga okuphepha amalambu aphinde ashajwe ezindaweni eziyingozi ayahluka kakhulu ezifundeni ngenxa yomehluko wezinhlaka zokulawula, izinqubo zezimboni, nezimo zemvelo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonisa izinselele eziyingqayizivele nezinto ezibalulekile zesifunda ngasinye, ezithonya indlela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisetshenziswa futhi ziphoqelelwe ngayo.

Izici Ezibalulekile Ezithonya Umehluko Wesifunda

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezinomthelela ekuhlukeni kwesifunda kumazinga okuphepha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici ezihlelekile, izici zobuntu, nokwehluka kwamasiko. Ithebula elilandelayo ligqamisa lawa mathonya:

Izifunda ezinokwengamela okuqinile kokulawula, njenge-Europe, zigcizelela ukuthobelana nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza okusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi kuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha. Ngokuphambene, ezinye izifunda zingabeka eqhulwini izindinganiso zendawo ezihambisana nezidingo ezithile zezimboni noma izimo zemvelo.

Izibonelo Zamazinga Esifunda

1. EYurophu: I-European Union igunyaza ukunikezwa isitifiketi kwe-ATEX kumishini esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanayo kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu, okugqugquzela izinga eliphezulu lokuthobela.
2. i-America esenyakatho: I-United States ne-Canada zithembele kumazinga e-NEC nawe-CEC, ahlukanisa izindawo eziyingozi ngokwehlukile ohlelweni lwase-Europe. Lawa mazinga agxile ezidingweni zokuphepha zikagesi ezinemininingwane.
3. I-Asia-Pacific: Amazwe akulesi sifunda avame ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-IECEx, nemithetho yendawo. Isibonelo, i-Australia ne-New Zealand zihambisana eduze namazinga e-IECEx, kuyilapho amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia angase ahlanganise imihlahlandlela eyengeziwe yokubhekana nezinselele zesifunda.

Imithelela Kubakhiqizi Nabasebenzisi

Abakhiqizi abahlose ukuthengisa amalambu angatshajwa kabusha emhlabeni jikelele kumele bahlole lo mehluko wesifunda. Ukuthobelana nezitifiketi eziningi, njengesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx namazinga we-UL, kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha zezimakethe ezihlukahlukene. Kubasebenzisi, ukuqonda lokhu kuhluka kubalulekile ekukhetheni okokusebenza okuthobelana nemithetho yendawo futhi kunikeze ukuphepha okugcwele ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ithiphu: Izinkampani ezisebenza ezifundeni eziningi kufanele zicabangele ukwamukela izitifiketi eziqashelwa umhlaba wonke njenge-IECEx ukuze ziqondise ukuthobela futhi zithuthukise ukuphepha kuwo wonke amasayithi okusebenza.

Ngokubona nokubhekana nokuhlukahluka kwesifunda kumazinga okuphepha, izimboni zingaqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okungaguquki kwabasebenzi namathuluzi, kungakhathaliseki indawo.

Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zamalambu ashajwayo

Ukuqina Kwezinto kanye Nomklamo Wokufakazela Ukuqhuma

Amalambu aphinde ashajwe aklanyelwe izindawo eziyingozi kufanele abonise ukuqina okukhethekile kanye namandla okuvikela ukuqhuma. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kungamelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu kuyilapho kuvinjelwa izingozi zokuvutha ezindaweni ezivuthayo. Abakhiqizi bangaphansi kwamalambuukuhlola okunzimaukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwabo.

• Ukuhlola okuvikela ukuqhumaqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwelambu eliphambili livimbela izinhlansi noma ukushisa ekuthungeleni amagesi avuthayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuvikela ukungenahlola izakhiwo ezingangeni manzi nezingangenwa uthuli, zivikele izingxenye zangaphakathi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
• Ukuhlola ukumelana nokugqwalahlola ikhono lelambu lokubekezelela isifutho sikasawoti, uqinisekise ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezimbonini zasolwandle noma zamakhemikhali.
• Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokudlidlizabelingisa ukudlidliza kokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza nobuqotho bedivayisi.
• Izivivinyo zokuvumelana nezimo lokushisaqinisekisa ukuthi i-headlamp isebenza ngokuthembekile ekushiseni okukhulu noma kubanda, ukuvimbela ukukhathala kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Lokhu kuhlolwa, kuhlanganiswe nezitifiketi ezifana nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, kuqinisekisa ukuthi amalambu aphambili ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zamazwe ngamazwe. Leli zinga lokuqina kanye nomklamo wokuvikela ukuqhuma kubalulekileizimboni ezifana nowoyela negesi, izimayini, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, lapho ukuphepha kungeke kube sengozini.

Ukuphepha Nokuthobela Ibhethri

Amabhethri anika amandla amalambu aphinde ashajwe kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha kanye nokuhambisana nokuvikela izingozi ezingaba khona. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion, avame ukusetshenziswa kulawa madivayisi, ahlolwa kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi angasebenza ngokuphepha ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukuvikelwa ekushiseni ngokweqile, okungaholela ekubalekeni okushisayo noma ukuqhuma.
• Ukuvimbela amasekethe amafushane ngokusebenzisa imiklamo yangaphakathi eqinile.
• Ukumelana nokucindezeleka komshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lihlala linjalo ngesikhathi seconsi noma ithonya.
• Ukuhambisana nezinga lokushisa elidlulele, ukugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha.

Isitifiketi se-UL sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwebhethri. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zokuthembeka nokusebenza. Uma kuhlanganiswe nesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx, sinikeza isiqinisekiso esiphelele sokuthi ilambu langaphambili liphephile ukuthi lisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Okuphumayo Okukhanyayo nokusebenza Kwe-Beam

Ukukhanyisa okusebenzayo kubalulekile kubasebenzi abasebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi. Amalambu aphinde ashajwe kufanele alethe ukukhanya okungaguquki kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-beam ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala nokuphepha.

Abakhiqizi bagxila ezicini ezimbalwa ukuze bafeze lokhu:

• Amazinga okukhanyakumele kube ngokwanele ukukhanyisa izindawo ezimnyama noma ezivalekile ngaphandle kokubanga ukukhanya.
• Ibanga le-Beam nobubanzikufanele inikeze umbono ocacile wendawo ezungezile, okwenza abasebenzi bakwazi ukuhlonza izingozi ezingase zibe khona.
• Ubude besikhathi sokuphuma kokukhanyaiqinisekisa ukuthi i-headlamp ihlala isebenza kuwo wonke amashifu omsebenzi owandisiwe.
• Izilungiselelo ezilungisekayovumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngendlela oyifisayo ubukhulu bokukhanya nokugxila kwe-beam ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ethile.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokubona kuqinisekisa lezi zici, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ilambu liyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zomkhakha zokukhanya nekhwalithi yokukhanya. Amalambu asebenza kahle kakhulu awathuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi anciphisa ubungozi bezingozi ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izilinganiso ze-IP nokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Amalambu aphinde ashajwe asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi kufanele amelane nezimo zemvelo eziyinselele. Izilinganiso ze-IP, nomaIzilinganiso Zokuvikela ze-Ingress, idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ikhono ledivayisi lokumelana nothuli, amanzi, nezinye izakhi zangaphandle. Lezi zilinganiso, ezisungulwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), zinikeza isilinganiso esimisiwe sokuvikela.

Ukuqonda Izilinganiso ze-IP

Izilinganiso ze-IP zihlanganisa amadijithi amabili. Idijithi yokuqala ikhombisa ukuvikeleka ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile, kanti idijithi yesibili imele ukumelana noketshezi. Izinombolo eziphakeme zisho ukuvikeleka okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:

Lezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi amalambu ahlala esebenza ezindaweni lapho uthuli, umswakama, noma amanzi kungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kwawo.

Ukubaluleka Kwezilinganiso Ze-IP Ezindaweni Eziyingozi

Izindawo eziyingozi zivame ukubeka izinto zokusebenza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Amalambu angashajwa kabusha kufanele ahlangabezane nezilinganiso ezithile ze-IP ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuphepha. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukumelana Nothuli: Ivimbela izinhlayiya ukuthi zingangeni ocingweni, okungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle noma ubungozi bokuthungela.
• Ukuvimbela amanzi: Ivikela izingxenye zangaphakathi kumswakama, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki ezindaweni ezimanzi.
• Ukuqina: Ithuthukisa impilo yelambu, yehlise izindleko zokuyilungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha ilambu lezindawo eziyingozi, beka phambili amamodeli nge-IP67 noma izilinganiso eziphakeme ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa okufanele.

Ukuhlolwa kanye Nesitifiketi Sokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

Abakhiqizi bafaka amalambu ekuhlolweni okuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe izilinganiso zabo ze-IP. Lokhu kuhlola kulingisa izimo zomhlaba wangempela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi idivayisi isebenza ngokwethembeka. Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegumbi Lothuli: Linganisa ikhono lelambu lokumelana nezinhlayiya ezinhle.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesifutho Samanzi: Hlola ukuvikeleka kumajethi wamanzi anengcindezi ephezulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucwiliswa: Qinisekisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kokuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini.

Amadivayisi aphumelela lezi zivivinyo athola izitifiketi, njenge-ATEX noma i-IECEx, eqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwawo ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ukucatshangelwa okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza

Izimboni ezahlukene zidinga amazinga ahlukene okuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Amafutha Negesi: Amalambu kufanele amelane nokuchayeka kothuli namanzi ngesikhathi sokumba.
• Izimayini: Amadivayisi adinga ukumelana nokucwiliswa emhubheni ogcwele amanzi.
• Ukukhiqiza Amakhemikhali: Izinto zokusebenza kufanele zihlale zisebenza ezindaweni ezinezinto ezonakalisayo.

Ukukhetha isibani sekhanda esilinganiselwe se-IP esilungile kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima.

Qaphela: Izilinganiso ze-IP zizodwa aziqinisekisi amandla okuvikela ukuqhuma. Njalo qinisekisa i-ATEX noma isitifiketi se-IECEx sokuthobela indawo eyingozi.

Ngokuqonda izilinganiso ze-IP kanye nendima yazo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, izimboni zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho zikhetha amalambu aphinde ashajwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokwethembeka kwemishini ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukukhetha Isibani Esishajwa Kabusha Esilungile

Ukufanisa Izici Zelambu Lenhloko Nezigaba Zendawo Eyingozi

Ukukhetha isibani sokukhanyisa esikwazi ukushajwa kabusha kuqala ngokuqonda okuqondileukuhlukaniswa kwendawo eyingozilapho izosetshenziswa khona. Indawo ngayinye—i-Zone 0, Zone 1, noma Zone 2—idinga okokusebenza okunezici zokuphepha ezenzelwe wena ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi. Isibonelo, izindawo ze-Zone 0 zidinga amalambu anezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lomklamo ongaqhumi, njengoba umkhathi oqhumayo uhlala ukhona. Ngokuphambene, amalambu e-Zone 2 angase abeke phambili ukuqina nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, njengoba ubungozi bomkhathi oqhumayo bungavamile.

Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kwamalambu asebenza kabusha nasebenza ngebhethri kungabuye kuqondise ekuthathweni kwezinqumo:

Leli thebula ligqamisa ukuthi izidingo zokusebenza nezimo zemvelo zinethonya kanjani ekukhethweni kwezici zamalambu.

Ukuhlola Isitifiketi Se-ATEX/IECEx Nokuthobelana

Isitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwamalambu aphinde ashajwe ezindaweni eziyingozi. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuhlolwe okuzimele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga okuphepha aqinile. I-ATEX Directive, isibonelo, iveza izidingo ezibalulekile zempilo nokuphepha emikhiqizweni esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Ukuhambisana nalawa mazinga akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuqagela kokuvumelana, okwenza kube lula izinqubo zokugunyaza ezilawulayo.

Ezimbonini ezisebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi, ukukhetha amalambu anesitifiketi se-ATEX/IECEx kuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza awazisi ubungozi obungeziwe. Lesi sitifiketi sibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezifana nezitshalo zamakhemikhali noma izindawo zokuhluza uwoyela, lapho ngisho nemithombo yokuthungela emincane ingaholela ezigamekweni eziyinhlekelele.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kohlelo (Ukukhanya, Isikhathi Sokusebenza, njll.)

Izidingo zokusebenza zendawo eyingozi zivame ukusho izici ezithile ezidingekayo kusibani esisebenza kabusha. Amazinga okukhanya, isibonelo, kufanele alinganise phakathi kokunikeza ukukhanya okwanele nokugwema ukuxhopha okungase kuthikameza ukubonakala. Isikhathi sokusebenza singesinye isici esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi abasezindaweni ezikude noma phakathi namashifu anwetshiwe. Amalambu anezilungiselelo zokukhanya okulungisekayo namabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuthembeka.

Izibonelo zezifundo zibonisa ukuvela kwezici zamalambu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo. Isibonelo, uguquko olusuka ku-MIL-STD-810F ukuya kumazinga we-MIL-STD-810G luthuthukise ukuqina nokuphepha kwemisebenzi yezimayini. Le ntuthuko iqinisekisa ukuthi amalambu asebenza ngokwethembeka kuzo zonke izindawo eziyingozi, evikela abasebenzi ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Ithiphu: Lapho ukhetha isibani, beka phambili izici ezihambisana nemisebenzi ethile kanye nezinselele zemvelo zendawo eyingozi.

Imiklamo ye-ergonomic futhi esebenziseka kalula

Amalambu aphinde ashajwe aklanyelwe izindawo eziyingozi kufanele abeke phambili i-ergonomics kanye nobungane bomsebenzisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi. Izinto zokusebenza eziklanywe kabi zingaholela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba, ukunciphisa ukukhiqiza, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yephutha lomsebenzisi. Abakhiqizi babhekana nalezi zinselele ngokuhlanganisa izici ezithuthukisa ukunethezeka, ukusebenziseka, nokusebenza.

Okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile kwe-ergonomic kufaka phakathi ukunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba ngokusebenzisa imiklamo engasindi nehlangene. Izisebenzi zivame ukugqoka amalambu isikhathi eside, okwenza kube nzima ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo. Amabhande alungisekayo avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngendlela oyifisayo ukulingana, baqinisekise ukunethezeka kuwo wonke amasayizi amakhanda ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zezigqoko zokuzivikela. Ukusebenza kwezandla kuthuthukisa futhi ukusebenziseka, okwenza abasebenzi bakwazi ukugxila emisebenzini ngaphandle kweziphazamiso.

Izici ezimbalwa zokusebenziseka zithuthukisa umuzwa wawo wonke ama-opharetha:

• Izilawuli ezinembile zenza kube lula ukusebenza, zinciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu.
• Izilungiselelo ezingacimeki zinikeza ukuguquguquka, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise amaleveli okukhanya ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ethile noma izimo zokukhanya.
• Impilo yebhethri ende iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki phakathi namashifu anwetshiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude.

Indlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo nesisetshenziswa nayo inomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo. Imiyalelo ecacile nezibonisi ezifundeka kalula zenza amalambu afinyeleleke kalula, ngisho nakubasebenzisi bokuqala. Lezi zici azithuthukisi ukuphepha kuphela kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukukhiqiza ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa ukudideka noma ukusetshenziswa kabi.

Izifundo ze-ergonomic ziqinisekisa lezi zimiso zokuklama. Bagqamisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba, ukwandisa isisindo nosayizi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenziseka okunembile. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zakhi, abakhiqizi badala amalambu ahlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zezindawo eziyingozi ngenkathi bebeka phambili inhlalakahle yabasebenzi.

Ithiphu: Uma ukhetha isibani, cabangela amamodeli anezintambo ezilungisekayo, ukwakhiwa okungasindi, nezilawuli ezinembile. Lezi zici zithuthukisa ukunethezeka nokusebenziseka, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni eziyinselele.

Isondlo Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Amaphrothokholi Okuhlola Nokuhlola Okuvamile

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kwamalambu aphinde ashajwe kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwawo ezindaweni eziyingozi. Izisebenzi kufanele zihlole ikesi yelambu lokukhanya ukuze ibone ukuqhekeka noma izimpawu zokuguga ezingase zibe sengozini ukwakheka kwayo okungaqhumi. Izingxenye zebhethri kufanele zihlale zivaliwe futhi zingagqwali ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka.Ihlola okukhiphayo ukukhanyangaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki futhi ihlonze noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokukhanya noma ukuqondanisa kwe-beam.

Izinhlangano kufanele zenze uhlelo lwazoukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithilengaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilingisayo. Lo mkhuba usiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilambu liyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha futhi lisebenza ngokwethembeka ezimeni zomhlaba wangempela. Ukubhala imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuvumela amaqembu ukuthi alandelele amaphethini okuguga futhi abhekane nezinkinga ezivelayo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ithiphu: Ukunikeza isibopho sokuhlola kubasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokwengamela.

Izinkombandlela Zokuhlanza Nokugcina

Ukuhlanza nokugcinwa ngendlela efanele kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila samalambu aphinde ashajwe kuyilapho kugcinwa izici zokuphepha kwawo. Ngaphambi kokuhlanza, abasebenzisi kufanele bavale idivayisi futhi bakhiphe amabhethri ukugwema izingozi zikagesi. Indwangu ethambile kanye nensipho ethambile isusa kahle ukungcola nenhlabathi egodini. Amatheminali nama-seal ebhethri kufanele ahlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlala eqinile futhi esebenza.

Izimo zesitoreji zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho belambu. Amadivaysi kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukusebenzisa amacala okuvikela kuvimbela ukulimala kwengozi ngesikhathi sokugcinwa noma ukuthutha.

Qaphela: Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anokhahlo noma izinto ezilimazayo ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, njengoba lokhu kungehlisa isivikelo selambu lekhanda.

Ukunakekelwa kwebhethri nokushintshwa

Ukugcina amabhethri amalambu asebenza kabusha kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguquki ezindaweni eziyingozi. Abasebenzisi kufanele bathembele kumashaja agunyazwe umkhiqizi ukuze avimbele ukushajwa ngokweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile. Amabhethri akufanele avunyelwe ukuthi achithe ngokugcwele, njengoba lokhu kungehlisa impilo yawo yonke. Ukugcina amabhethri endaweni epholile, neyomile kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala okushisayo.

Amandla okushintsha amabhethri athuthukisa kalula ukuthembeka kwamalambu. Isibonelo, isibani se-Nightcore HA23UHE sivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe amabhethri e-AAA kalula. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki phakathi namashifu anwetshiwe noma imisebenzi yangaphandle, sinciphisa ukukhathazeka ngempilo yebhethri nezidingo zokushajwa kabusha.

Ithiphu: Hlola njalo amabhethri ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuvuvukala noma ukuvuza bese uwashintsha ngokushesha ukuze ugweme izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, izimboni zingakhulisa ukuphepha, ukwethembeka, nempilo ende yamalambu aphinde ashajwe ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa kokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuhambisana

Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi basebenzisa amalambu angashajwa kabusha ngokuphepha futhi athobele izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Izinhlangano ezisebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi kufanele zibeke phambili imfundo ukuze zinciphise ubungozi futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zezinhlelo Zokuqeqesha

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezisebenzayo kufanele zibhekane nalezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqonda Izindawo Eziyingozi: Abasebenzi kumele bafunde ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi (Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2) kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nendawo ngayinye.
• I-Equipment Familiarization: Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake phakathi izikhathi zokuvula izandla ukuze zijwayeze abasebenzi ngezici zamalambu, okuhlanganisa izilungiselelo zokukhanya, ukushintshwa kwebhethri, nezilinganiso ze-IP.
• Amaphrothokholi okuphepha: Abasebenzi kufanele baqonde izinqubo zokuhlola, zokuhlanza, nokugcina amalambu aphambili ukuze agcine umklamo wawo ongaqhumi.

Ithiphu: Faka izinsiza ezibukwayo kanye nemiboniso yokusebenzisana ukuze uthuthukise ukugcinwa nokuzibandakanya phakathi nezikhathi zokuqeqesha.

Izinzuzo Zokuqeqeshwa Okuvamile

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa:

1. Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe: Abasebenzi bathola ulwazi lokuhlonza izingozi ezingaba khona futhi basebenzise amathuluzi ngendlela efanele.
2. Isiqinisekiso Sokuhambisana: Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukunamathela kumazinga e-ATEX/IECEx, kunciphisa ubungozi bokwephulwa kwemithetho.
3. Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo: Abasebenzi abafundile bangaxazulula izinkinga ezincane, banciphise isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezindleko zokunakekela.

Izindlela Zokuletha Ukuqeqesha

Izinhlangano zingasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuletha ukuqeqeshwa:

• Ama-Workshops Esayithi: Amaseshini angokoqobo aqhutshwa ezindaweni eziyingozi ahlinzeka ngomuzwa womhlaba wangempela.
• Amamojula Okufunda E-E: Izifundo eziku-inthanethi zinikeza ukuguquguquka nokunwebeka emaqenjini amakhulu.
• Izinhlelo Zokuqinisekisa: Ukusebenzisana nezinhlangano zemboni kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bathola ukuqeqeshwa okugunyaziwe okuhambisana namazinga omhlaba.

Qaphela: Izifundo zokuvuselela njalo zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi bahlale benolwazi mayelana nezindinganiso eziguqukayo zokuphepha nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini.

Isibonelo Semboni

Emkhakheni kawoyela negesi, inkampani isebenzise izikhathi zokuqeqesha zekota ezigxile kumishini eqinisekisiwe ye-ATEX. Lesi sinyathelo sehlise izehlakalo eziphathelene nemishini ngama-35% futhi sathuthukisa ukuzethemba kwabasebenzi ekusingatheni izinselele zezindawo eziyingozi.

Ngokutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha ezibanzi, izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuhambisana, zivikele kokubili abasebenzi namathuluzi ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke zamalambu asebenza kabusha ezindaweni eziyingozi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle. Izitifiketi ezifana ne-ATEX ne-IECEx ziqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha, ezinciphisa ubungozi ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Isikhumbuzi: Ukukhetha ngokuqhubekayo amalambu aphambili anezitifiketi ezifanele nokuyigcina ngokuhlola okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuthobelana kwesikhathi eside.

Ngokubeka phambili ukuphepha nokubambelela kulawa mazinga, izimboni zingakha izindawo zokusebenza eziphephile kuyilapho zithuthukisa ukukhiqiza futhi zinciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona.

FAQ

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezitifiketi ze-ATEX nezitifiketi ze-IEEx?

Isitifiketi se-ATEX sisebenza ngokukhethekile ku-European Union, kuyilapho i-IECEx ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluqashelwa umhlaba wonke lokuphepha emkhathini oqhumayo. Zombili ziqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha, kodwa i-IECEx isiza uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvumelanisa izidingo ezifundeni zonkana.

Kufanele zihlolwe kangaki amalambu aphinde ashajwe?

Amalambu angatshajwa kabusha kufanele ahlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilingisayo. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlala ithobela izindinganiso zokuphepha futhi isebenza ngokwethembeka ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ingabe ilambu elinesilinganiso se-IP67 lingasetshenziswa ku-Zone 0?

Cha, isilinganiso se-IP67 sibonisa kuphela ukuvikeleka othulini nasemanzini. Izindawo ze-Zone 0 zidinga amalambu anesitifiketi se-ATEX noma se-IECEx ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okuvikela ukuqhuma ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esiqhumayo.

Kungani isitifiketi se-UL sibalulekile kumalambu aphinde ashajwe?

Isitifiketi se-UL siqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kumalambu aphambili. Iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri angakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, avimbele izingozi ezifana nokushisa ngokweqile noma amasekhethi amafushane ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Yiziphi izici okufanele abasebenzi bazibeke phambili lapho bekhetha ilambu?

Izisebenzi kufanele zibeke eqhulwini isitifiketi sokuvikela ukuqhuma (ATEX/IECEx), amazinga okukhanya afanelekile, impilo ende yebhethri, kanye nemiklamo ye-ergonomic. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukunethezeka, nokuthembeka ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Ithiphu: Hlala uqondanisa izici zelambu nesigaba esithile sendawo eyingozi ukuze uthole ukuphepha okuphelele.