Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokukhanyisa kwangaphandle

Mhlawumbe abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isibani siyinto elula, kubonakala kungafanele ukuhlaziywa nokucwaninga ngokucophelela, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwezibani nezibani ezifanele kudinga ulwazi oluningi lwe-elekthronikhi, izinto zokwakha, imishini, kanye ne-optics. Ukuqonda lezi zisekelo kuzokusiza ukuhlola ikhwalithi yezibani ngendlela efanele.

1. Amabhalbhu akhanyayo

Akunakwenzeka ukubona kude kancane ebusuku ngaphandle kwezibani ezikhanyayo. Akulula ukwenza ama-incandescent bulb akhanye futhi onge amandla. Uma i-bulb inamandla athile, ingagcwaliswa ngegesi engasebenzi, engathuthukisa ukukhanya futhi yandise impilo ye-bulb. Okukhethekile ukudela impilo ngokushintshana nokukhanya okuphezulu kwama-halogen bulb anamandla aphezulu. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle, uma ucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezici eziningi, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ama-gas gas ajwayelekile angasebenzi kahle kakhulu, vele, ukusetshenziswa kwama-halogen bulb bulbs akhanya kakhulu nawo anezinzuzo zawo eziphelele. I-bayonet ejwayelekile kanye ne-foot socket noma i-lamp bladder ekhethekile kuvamile ezindaweni ezidumile ze-lamp bulb. Ngokombono wobubanzi kanye nokulula kokuthenga, ama-lamp asebenzisa ama-bayonet bulbs ajwayelekile kulula ukuwanikeza, anezinye izinto eziningi, intengo ephansi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ama-lamp amaningi aphezulu nawo asebenzisa ama-Halogen xenon bulbs ane-bayonet, vele, intengo ye-Halogen iphakeme. Akulula ukuwathenga eShayina, ama-superba light bulbs ezitolo ezinkulu nawo ayindawo yokusebenza enhle kakhulu. Ukuze isibani sokukhanyisa songe amandla kakhudlwana, singazama kuphela ukunciphisa amandla, ukukhanya nesikhathi kuhlale kuphikisana, uma kwenzeka i-voltage ethile, amandla kagesi alinganisiwe esibani sokukhanyisa ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, i-PETZL SAXO AQUA isebenzisa isibani se-krypton esingu-6V 0.3A, ukuze kufezwe umphumela wesibani esijwayelekile esingu-6V 0.5A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi somqondo sokusebenzisa amabhethri amane e-AA sifinyelela emahoreni angu-9, okuyisibonelo esiphumelelayo sokukhanya kanye nebhalansi yesikhathi. Isibani sokukhanyisa sasekhaya se-megabor sinombane omncane olinganisiwe, oyindawo enhle yokufaka esikhundleni. Yiqiniso, kungenye indaba uma ufuna nje ukukhanya okukhanyayo. I-Surefire ijwayelekile, inesivalo esingu-65-lumen esihlala cishe ihora elilodwa kuphela kumabhethri amabili e-lithium. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga izibani, hlola inani lokulinganisa isibani sokukhanyisa, ubale amandla aso alinganisiwe, kuhlanganiswe nobubanzi besitsha sesibani, ungalinganisa ngokuyisisekelo ukukhanya okulinganisiwe, ububanzi obukhulu kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa, ngeke udideke kalula ngokukhangisa okungenamsebenzi.

2. I-LED

Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-diode ekhipha ukukhanya okuphezulu kulethe ushintsho embonini yokukhanyisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside yizinzuzo zayo ezinkulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri amaningana avamile owomile kwanele ukugcina i-LED ekhanyayo amahora amaningi noma amakhulu okukhanya. Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu ye-LED okwamanje ukuthi kunzima ukuxazulula iqoqo lokukhanya, umthombo wokukhanya ohlukile wenza ukuthi icishe ingakwazi ukukhanyisa umhlaba kude ngamamitha ayi-10 ebusuku, futhi umbala wokukhanya okubandayo wenza nokungena kwayo emvuleni yangaphandle, inkungu kanye neqhwa kwehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile izibani zixhunywe ngezindlela eziningana noma eziningi ze-LED ukuze zithuthuke ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa umphumela awubonakali. Nakuba kakade kukhona ama-LED agxilisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza akukafiki ezingeni lokushintsha ngokuphelele ama-incandescent bulbs, futhi izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu. I-voltage ejwayelekile yokushayela ye-LED evamile iphakathi kuka-3-3.7V, futhi izinga lokukhanya kwe-LED livezwa yi-mcd, ngamamaki amaningana afana no-5mm no-10mm ububanzi. Uma ububanzi bukhulu, inani le-mcd liphakeme, ukukhanya kuyanda. Ukuze kucatshangelwe ukusetshenziswa kwevolumu namandla, izibani ezivamile zikhetha izinga elingu-5mm, kanti inani le-mcd lingaba ngu-6000-10000. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani elikhulu labakhiqizi be-LED, amashubhu amaningi e-LED asekhaya abhalwe ngamanga, futhi inani elilinganiselwe alikholeki. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwe-LED kwezinkampani zaseJapan emikhiqizweni engenisiwe kuyaqashelwa, futhi futhi yizibani ezidumile ezikhethiwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-LED yanele ukukhanyisa kugesi omncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, amashumi noma amakhulu amahora ezibani ze-LED ezijwayelekile kufanele zincishiswe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, mhlawumbe amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukukhanya kwanele ukukhanyisa lonke ikamu, ngemva kwamahora amaningi nayo ukubona itafula kunzima, ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kokulungiswa kwesekethe yokulungiswa kwe-voltage ukulungiswa kwamandla kagesi kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokulungisa izibani ze-LED zangaphandle eziphezulu. Njengamanje, i-LED evamile isafaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njengekamu noma itende njengomthombo wokukhanya oseduze, okuyinzuzo yayo futhi.

3. Isitsha sesibani

Isici esibalulekile sokunquma ikhwalithi yokukhanya yi-reflector yomthombo wokukhanya — isitsha sesibani. Isitsha sesibani esivamile simbozwe ngesiliva esitsheni sepulasitiki noma sensimbi. Ngemithombo yesibani enamandla amakhulu, isitsha sesibani sensimbi silungele kakhulu ukushabalalisa ukushisa, futhi ububanzi besitsha sesibani bunquma ububanzi bethiyori. Ngomqondo othile, lapho isitsha sesibani sikhanya kakhulu asingcono, umphumela omuhle wesitsha sesibani uyindilinga yemibimbi ngesimo sesikhumba esi-orenji, silawula ngempumelelo ukusabalala kokukhanya okubangelwa amabala amnyama, ukuze indawo yokukhanya endaweni yokukhanyisa igxile kakhulu futhi ifane. Ngokuvamile, ukuba nesitsha esinamibimbi kubonisa ukuqondiswa kobungcweti ekukhanyeni.

4. Ilensi

Ilensi ivikela isibani noma ihlanganisa ukukhanya. Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngengilazi noma i-resin. Ingilazi inokumelana okuhle nokushisa, akulula ukuyiklwebha, izinzile, kodwa amandla okusetshenziswa kwangaphandle ayakhathaza, futhi izindleko zokucubungula zibe ubuso obuyi-convex zikhulu kakhulu, ishidi le-resin liyasiza ekucubunguleni, linamandla athembekile, isisindo esincane, kodwa naka isivikelo sokuvimbela ukugaya ngokweqile, ngokuvamile, ilensi yethoshi yangaphandle enhle kakhulu kufanele icubungulwe ibe ishidi le-resin eliyi-convex, kungaba ukulawula okuphumelelayo kakhulu kokuhlangana kokukhanya.

5. Amabhethri

Ezimweni eziningi ungase ukhononde ngokuthi kungani isibani singasenagesi maduze, futhi usole isibani ngokwaso, empeleni, ukukhetha ibhethri nakho kubalulekile, ngokuvamile, umthamo kanye nogesi okhishwayo webhethri elijwayelekile le-alkaline kulungile, intengo ephansi, kulula ukuyithenga, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, kodwa umphumela omkhulu wokukhishwa kwamanje awulungile, isilinganiso samandla ebhethri le-nickel metal hydride eliphinde lishajwe siphezulu, umjikelezo ungonga kakhulu, Kodwa izinga lokuzikhipha liphezulu, ugesi okhishwayo webhethri le-lithium ulungile kakhulu, ulungele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ezinamandla aphezulu, kodwa umnotho wokusetshenziswa awulungile, intengo kagesi we-lithium isabiza kakhulu njengamanje, izibani ezifanayo ziyizibani ezinamandla aphezulu, ngakho-ke, iningi lezibani zemakethe ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri le-alkaline eliqanjwe ngegama lomkhiqizo ukusebenza okuphelele kungcono, kusukela esimisweni, ukusebenza kwebhethri le-alkaline kuzoncishiswa kakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi, ngakho-ke, ngezibani ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibandayo, indlela ekahle ukuxhuma ibhokisi lebhethri langaphandle, ngokushisa komzimba ukuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwebhethri. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwezinye izibani ezingenisiwe, njengamanye amamodeli e-PETZL kanye ne-princeton, ngoba i-electrode engemihle yamabhethri omile angaphandle iphakanyisiwe kancane, ukuthintana okungemihle kwezibani kuklanyelwe ukuba kube yisicaba. Uma usebenzisa amanye amabhethri asekhaya ane-electrode engemihle eqondile, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuxhumana okungemihle. Isixazululo silula, vele ungeze ucezu oluncane lwe-gasket.

6. Izinto zokwakha

Izibani zensimbi, ipulasitiki, eziyisisekelo zakhiwe ngazo, umzimba wesibani sensimbi uqinile futhi uqinile, kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okuvamile kanye ne-aluminium alloy eqinile, uma kudingeka, ithoshi lensimbi livame ukusetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuzivikela, kodwa insimbi evamile ayimelani nokugqwala, inzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayifaneleki izibani zokuntywila, ukuqhuba kahle kokushisa, okuvumela ukushabalalisa ukushisa ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa futhi kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezindawo ezibandayo, kunzima ukwenza ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zekhanda, Izindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula. Kunezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zepulasitiki zobunjiniyela, i-polycarbonate, i-ABS/polyester, i-polycarbonate glass fiber eqinisiwe, i-polyimide njalo njalo, ukusebenza nakho kuhlukile kakhulu, thatha i-polycarbonate glass fiber eqinisiwe njengesibonelo, amandla ayo anele ukubhekana nemvelo ehlukahlukene ebukhali yangaphandle, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukufudumala, isisindo esincane, kuyindlela efanelekile yesibani sekhanda kanye nesibani sokuntywila. Kodwa ipulasitiki ejwayelekile ye-ABS esetshenziswa ezibanini ezishibhile ihlala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi ayihlali isikhathi eside. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayinaka lapho uthenga. Ngokuvamile, ingahlukaniswa nomuzwa wokucindezela okunzima.

7. Shintsha

Ukusetha kweswishi yesibani kunquma ukusebenziseka kalula. Iswishi yokhiye oshelelayo efana nethoshi lensimbi ilula futhi ilula, kodwa i-congenital ayikwazi ukungangenwa manzi ngokuphelele, okusobala ukuthi ayifaneleki. Iswishi yerabha yokusunduza inkinobho kuthoshi ye-magnesium D kulula ukuyingangenwa manzi futhi ilula, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ayifaneleki ngezikhathi ezifana nokuntywila, futhi umfutho wamanzi ophezulu ungabangela ukuvuza kweswishi. Iswishi yohlobo lokucindezela umsila ithandwa kakhulu ezibanini ezincane, ikakhulukazi ezilula ukukhanya futhi ezinde ezikhanyayo, kodwa isakhiwo sayo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokubheka ukuqina nokuthembeka kuyinkinga, ukuxhumana okubi kwezinye izibani zasefektri ezidumile nakho kuvamile. Iswishi yesivalo sesibani esijikelezayo iyiswishi elula kakhulu nethembekile, kodwa ingenza umsebenzi weswishi owodwa kuphela, ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa, kunzima ukuklama umsebenzi wokugxila, ukungangenwa manzi okuguquguqukayo akukuhle (iswishi yokusebenza kwamanzi kulula ukuyivuza). Iswishi ye-knob iyindlela ethandwayo yokusebenzisa izibani eziningi zokuntywila, isakhiwo singangenwa manzi okungcono kakhulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukuyishintsha, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ingakhiywa, ayikwazi ukukhanyisa.

8. Ukungangenwa amanzi

Kulula kakhulu ukwahlulela ukuthi isibani asingeni manzi noma cha. Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi kukhona yini amasongo enjoloba athambile futhi anwebeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zesibani ezingasuswa (isivalo sesibani, iswishi, isembozo sebhethri, njll.). Amasongo enjoloba amahle kakhulu, ahlanganiswe nomklamo ofanele kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhle bokucubungula, angaqinisekisa ngisho nokujula okungangeni manzi okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000. Ngaphansi kwemvula enamandla angeke aqinisekise ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukuvuza, isizathu siwukuthi ukuqina kwenjoloba akwanele ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okuphelele kwezindawo ezimbili. Ngokombono wokuklama, ukushintshashintsha kwesibani kanye neswishi ye-barrel knob ngokombono, ukushintsha okulula kakhulu ukungangeni manzi, ukhiye wesilayidi kanye neswishi yokucindezela umsila kunzima kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lomklamo weswishi, kungcono ukungashintshi njalo uma kusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwamanzi, inqubo yokushintsha kulula kakhulu ukungena emanzini, ekucwileni, indlela ephephile kakhulu ukufaka amafutha amancane endandatho yenjoloba, ingavalwa kahle, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafutha nawo alungele ukugcinwa kwendandatho yenjoloba, gwema ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okubangelwa ukuguga, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa esibanini, Indandatho yenjoloba iyingxenye esengozini kakhulu yesibani yokuguga. Kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle.

9. Isekethe yokulungisa i-voltage

Isekethe yokulungisa i-voltage kufanele ibe yindlela engcono kakhulu yokukhanyisa izibani ezithuthukisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwesekethe yokulungisa i-voltage kunemisebenzi emibili: I-voltage yokushayela ye-LED evamile ingu-3-3.6V, okusho ukuthi okungenani amabhethri amathathu ajwayelekile kumele axhunywe ngokulandelana ukuze kufezwe umphumela omuhle. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuguquguquka komklamo wesibani kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Lokhu kokugcina kubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi okunengqondo kakhulu, ukuze i-voltage inganciphisi ukukhanya ngokunciphisa ibhethri. Gcina njalo izinga lokukhanya elifanele, vele, futhi lenze kube lula ukukhanya kokulungiswa kokushintsha. Izinzuzo zinezinkinga, isekethe yokulungisa i-voltage ivame ukuchitha okungenani u-30% wamandla kagesi, ngakho-ke, ivame ukusetshenziswa ezibanini ze-LED ezisebenzisa amandla aphansi. Isekethe yokulungisa i-voltage emele isetshenziswa yi-PETZL's MYO 5. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kulungiswa emazingeni amathathu ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya okubushelelezi kwe-LED emazingeni amathathu amahora ayi-10, amahora angama-30 namahora angama-90 ngokulandelana.

10. Ukusebenza kahle

Ukuze izibani zingakhanyi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zinemisebenzi eminingi eyengeziwe noma ukusetshenziswa okulula, kwavela imiklamo eyahlukahlukene.

Ibhande lekhanda elihle kakhulu, ezimweni eziningi lingenza isandla esincane sikagesi sidlale indimaisibani sekhanda esikwazi ukushajwa kabusha se-LED, izibani eziningi zokuntywila zivame ukusetshenziswa ngale ndlela eqondile.

Isiqeshana se-ARC AAA singafakwa ephaketheni lehembe njengepeni, yize inketho ewusizo kakhulu ukusinamathisela emaphethelweni esigqoko sakho njengesibani sekhanda.

L Umklamo weithoshi elikhanyayo le-LEDkuhle impela. Izihlungi ezine ezisesigabeni somsila zifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesignali ebusuku.

I-PETZL DUO LED inesibani esisekelayo esakhelwe ngaphakathi, njengoba kufanele kube nanoma yisiphi isibani sangaphandle esifanelekile.

I-ARC LSHP ingasebenzisa kalula izindlela ezahlukene zamandla ngokwezidingo. Ingemuva yi-CR123A eyodwa, i-CR123A ephindwe kabili kanye ne-AA ephindwe kabili

Amandla okusekelayo. Uma unesibani esiseduze nawe kuphela, ukushintsha ibhethri ngephimbo Ubumnyama bungaba yingozi kakhulu. I-Black Diamond Supernova inomthombo wamandla we-6V otholakalayo ukuhlinzeka ngamahora ayi-10ukukhanya kwe-LED kwangaphandlengesikhathi sokushintsha ibhethri noma lapho ibhethri liphela.

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwami ​​​​komuntu siqu kuphansi kakhulu, kodwa i-magnet ingafakwa ebusweni bensimbi bomsebenzi isaziswa.

I-gyro-gun II kaGannet, kulula ukuyisebenzisa njengethoshi, isibani sekhanda noma izindawo ezahlukahlukene