Izici zemboni yokukhanyisa i-LED kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe

Njengamanje, imikhiqizo eyinhloko yomkhakha wokukhanyisa weselula we-LED ifaka:Izibani eziphuthumayo ze-LED, Amathoshi e-LED, Izibani ze-LED zokukhempa, izibani zangaphambili nezibani zokusesha, njll. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yomkhakha wokukhanyisa ekhaya we-LED ifaka phakathi: isibani setafula se-LED, isibani sebhalbhu, isibani se-fluorescent kanye nesibani esiphansi. Imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ephathekayo ye-LED kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ekhaya yimikhiqizo eyinhloko emakethe yokusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa kwe-LED. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kwabathengi, ukwanda kwesidingo semisebenzi yangaphandle kanye nomsebenzi wasebusuku, kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhula kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nokukhula kwabantu eminyakeni yamuva nje, isabelo semakethe sokukhanyisa kweselula kwe-LED kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ekhaya sizokhula kancane kancane.

Ngamafuphi, imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED isesikhathini esivuthiwe nesizinzile sokukhula okusheshayo kanye nemakethe eqhubekayo.

1. Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lobuchwepheshe jikelele embonini

(1) Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-Internet of Things

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwekhaya elihlakaniphile kanye ne-Inthanethi yezinto, kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ikhaya le-LED ithuthuka kancane kancane ibe ubuhlakani, ukuzenzakalela kanye nokuhlanganiswa, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabathengi zobuhlakani bezinto zasekhaya. Nge-Wi-FiMAC/BB/RF/PA/LNA kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ikhaya le-LED kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi ezifana neziqandisi, ama-air conditioner, amathelevishini, njll., ukwakha uhlelo lwe-Inthanethi yezinto; Ukuzwa ukukhanya, ukulawula izwi, ukuzwa izinga lokushisa kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe kungalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ezingeni eliphezulu lenduduzo ngokwendawo ezungezile, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuphishekela kwabathengi induduzo kanye nobuhlakani.

(2) Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa yeselula esetshenziswa ekushodeni kwamandla kanye nendawo engaphandle, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwa phambili zokuphila kwebhethri, ukuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuzinza kanye nokuphila komjikelezo wamabhethri okukhanyisa. Ukusebenza okuphezulu, ezomnotho kanye nokusebenzayo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kuzoba yisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri okukhanyisa eselula esikhathini esizayo.

(3) Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukushayela

Ngenxa yezici zezibani zokukhanyisa ezihambayo, izibani kudingeka zibe lula ukuzithwala nokuzisebenzisa, umsebenzi wokusebenza ngogesi, zingasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukwehluleka kwamandla kanye nokwehluleka kwesibani umsindo kanye ne-alamu yokukhanya, ukuzithola iphutha, ukukhanyisa okuphuthumayo kokubaleka kanye nokusiza enhlekeleleni kanye neminye imisebenzi, ukugxuma kwamandla kagesi, ukukhuphuka, umsindo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezingazinzile kuzoholela ekungazinzini noma ukwehluleka komsebenzi wesibani. Ngokuthandwa kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, isihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi iyonke yezibani ze-LED eziphinde zishajwe kabusha ukuthuthukisa isekethe yokushayela eqhubekayo enesakhiwo esilula kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile, bese kwakha isekethe yokulawula ejwayelekile, ejwayelekile neyimodular yezici zezibani ze-LED eziphinde zishajwe kabusha.

2. Umjikelezo wokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe, ucwaningo lomkhiqizo omusha kanye nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa, amandla emakethe kanye noshintsho oluqhubekayo

(1) umjikelezo wokuvuselela ubuchwepheshe

Njengamanje, imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ikhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-45% wemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa. Njengoba imboni yokukhanyisa ye-LED inamathuba amakhulu emakethe iheha zonke izinhlobo zabakhiqizi ukuthi bangene. Ngokusetshenziswa kancane kancane kobuchwepheshe obusha kulo mkhakha, amabhizinisi angagcina kuphela izinga elithuthukile lobuchwepheshe ngokusungula nokwethula ubuchwepheshe obusha njalo, izinqubo ezintsha kanye nezinto ezintsha ezinhlelweni zomkhiqizo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe embonini kuyashesha.

(2) Ucwaningo lomkhiqizo omusha kanye nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa

Inqubo yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo omusha ihlanganisa:

① Isigaba sokucwaninga nokucwaninga: Inhloso yokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi. Isidingo sabathengi siyisisekelo esiyinhloko sesinqumo sokukhetha ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha. Lesi sigaba sihloselwe kakhulu ukuveza umbono wemikhiqizo emisha kanye nomgomo, isakhiwo, umsebenzi, izinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo emisha ekuthuthukisweni kwemibono kanye nohlelo oluphelele.

② Isigaba somqondo kanye nombono wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha: kulesi sigaba, ngokwesidingo semakethe esilawulwa uphenyo kanye nezimo zebhizinisi ngokwalo, sicabangela ngokugcwele izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwabathengi kanye nokuthambekela kwabancintisana nabo, bese sibeka phambili umqondo kanye nomqondo wokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha.

③ Isigaba sokuklama umkhiqizo omusha: Ukuklama umkhiqizo kubhekisela ekulungiseleleni nasekuphatheni uchungechunge lomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe kusukela ekunqumeni imininingwane yokuklama umkhiqizo ukuze kunqunywe isakhiwo somkhiqizo. Kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokuqala kwenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo. Kufaka phakathi: isigaba sokuklama sokuqala, isigaba sokuklama ubuchwepheshe, isigaba sokuklama umdwebo osebenzayo.

(4) Isigaba sokukhiqizwa kwesilingo somkhiqizo kanye nokuhlola: isigaba sokukhiqizwa kwesilingo somkhiqizo omusha sihlukaniswe ngesigaba sokukhiqizwa kwesilingo samasampula kanye nesigaba sokukhiqizwa kwesilingo esincane. A. Isigaba sokukhiqizwa kwesilingo samasampula, inhloso ukuhlola ikhwalithi yomklamo womkhiqizo, isakhiwo somkhiqizo wokuhlola, ukusebenza kanye nesigaba esiyinhloko

Cubungula, qinisekisa futhi ubuyekeze imidwebo yokuklama, ukuze umklamo womkhiqizo ulungiswe ngokuyisisekelo, kodwa futhi uqinisekise ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo somkhiqizo, ubuyekeze izinkinga eziyinhloko zenqubo. B. Isigaba sokukhiqiza isilingo esincane, ukugxila kwalesi sigaba ukulungiselela inqubo, inhloso eyinhloko ukuhlola inqubo yomkhiqizo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingaqinisekisa izimo zobuchwepheshe ezihleliwe, ikhwalithi kanye nomphumela omuhle wezomnotho ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile (okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ze-workshop yokukhiqiza).

Isigaba sokulungiselela ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza: kulesi sigaba, kufanele siqedele wonke umklamo womdwebo womsebenzi, sinqume izidingo zobuchwepheshe zezingxenye ezahlukahlukene.

⑥ Isigaba sokukhiqiza esisemthethweni kanye nokuthengisa.

Kuthatha cishe unyaka owodwa ukuqedela inqubo yemikhiqizo emisha kusukela ocwaningweni, ekuqanjweni kokudala, ekuklameni, ekukhiqizweni kwesampula, ekulungiseleleni ubuchwepheshe kuya ekukhiqizweni kokugcina.

(3) Amandla emakethe kanye nesitayela

Esikhathini esizayo, amandla emakethe embonini yokukhanyisa i-LED azokhula kakhulu ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:

① Ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo yokususa isibani esikhanyisayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngemvelo. Njengendlela yokufaka esikhundleni sezibani ezikhanyisayo neminye imikhiqizo, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-LED ibone ukwanda kokungena emakethe eminyakeni yamuva nje. Esikhathini esizayo, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-LED izosheshisa ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa yendabuko njengezibani ezikhanyisayo futhi ibe ngamathuluzi okukhanyisa abaluleke kakhulu.

(2) Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho waseShayina kanye nokwenyuka kancane kancane kwe-GDP yomuntu ngamunye, umkhuba wokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa uya ngokuya ubonakala. Selokhu kwethulwa Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-13, isivinini sokuthuthukiswa komnotho besilokhu sikhula ngokushesha, futhi isakhiwo sezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindleko zokusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindleko zokusetshenziswa siye sabona kancane kancane ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga. Ukuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sokusetshenziswa kuqhuba ukukhula kanye nentuthuko yemboni yokukhanyisa i-LED.

③ Njengoba inqubomgomo yokuvula kazwelonke iqhubeka nokujula, ukubambisana kwezomnotho nokuhweba phakathi kweShayina namazwe asesifundeni i-“Belt and Road” kukhula njalo, okubeka isisekelo esihle sokuthumela ngaphandle imboni yethu yokukhanyisa i-LED ukuze iqhubeke nokungena emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ezimakethe eziningana zesifunda ezihlukene njengeNigeria, iPakistan, i-United Arab Emirates kanye nezinye izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle.

3. Izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zomkhakha

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthuthukiswa, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-LED bugxile ku: ukuthuthukiswa nokuklama komkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwebhodi lamandla, ukubumba ngomjovo njalo njalo.

(1) Ukuthuthukiswa nokuklama komkhiqizo

Ucwaningo lomkhiqizo kanye nomklamo wokuthuthukiswa kwawo ngokuyinhloko ukwakheka kokubukeka komkhiqizo, isakhiwo sangaphakathi, ukwakheka kwesekethe kanye nesikhunta kanye nokuthuthukiswa. Izici zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nomklamo zimi kanje: a. Hlanganisa ukwakheka kokubukeka kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi somkhiqizo (njengebhodi lesekethe, ibhodi lepulasitiki, njll.), futhi uklame imikhiqizo emisha ehlanganisa umsebenzi wokukhanyisa womkhiqizo nezinye izidingo zamakhasimende (njengokuqapha, ukutakula, njll.) ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuzinza komthombo wokukhanya kanye nesikhathi sokuzulazula esiqhubekayo; b. Xazulula ukungazinzi kokushisa kanye nokwamanje kwebhodi lesekethe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo; c. Funda indlela yokuqhuba ukushisa kanye nesimiso sesikhunta, unciphise isikhathi sokushabalalisa ukushisa enkambisweni yokukhiqiza isikhunta, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

(2) Ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kokunikezwa kukagesi

Ukunikezwa kwamandla ekhwalithi ephezulu kungathuthukisa impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo, futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende zokuqina, ukuzinza kanye nokukhuthazela kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bebhodi lokunikeza amandla bungokulandelayo: isekethe idlula inqubo yokufakwa kwe-surface patch, bese ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwebhodi lokunikeza amandla kuqedwa ngezinqubo zokuhlanza, ukushisela kanye nokulungisa ukushisela, bese yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza iqedwa ngokutholwa kwe-inthanethi, ukuqashelwa kwamaphutha kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphutha. Izici zobuchwepheshe zibonakala ngezinga lokuzenzakalela kobuchwepheshe be-SMT kanye nokufakwa, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe bokushisela kanye nokulungisa, kanye nokutholakala kwekhwalithi yebhodi lokunikeza amandla.

(3) ubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo wesikhunta

Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba ngomjovo busetshenziswa kakhulu ukuncibilikisa nokucindezela amapulasitiki ngemishini ekhethekile, ukufeza ukukhukhuleka kwemikhiqizo okuphumelelayo ngokulawula izinga lokushisa eliqondile, isikhathi kanye nengcindezi, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwehluka komkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza komuntu siqu. Izinga lobuchwepheshe libonakala ku: (1) izinga lokuzenzakalela komshini, ngokwethulwa kwemishini yokuzenzakalela, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokusebenza ngesandla, ukusetshenziswa kwemodi yokusebenza komugqa womhlangano ojwayelekile; ② Ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa izinga elifanele lemikhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zemikhiqizo.